2. Early Cities

3. Start of Early Cities Cities start following the boom of the Neolithic Revolution –Constant food allows people to stay in one place and make villages People begin building permanent settlements Permanent settlements - homes built with the intention of lasting for numerous years

4. Needs of Early Cities Needed to be near fresh water –For drinking and farming –Also made trade / travel easier Needed organization –Place for trade, farming, other businesses These needs lead to many changes in villages to complex and advanced cities.

5. New Inventions Change Lives of Villages New Inventions come about –Farming - plows, sickles, irrigation canals, etc. Inventions create need for relationships with neighbors –Shared canals used by many fields Some farmers able to grow more food –Surpluses mean NOT everyone has to farm –Allows for new jobs

7. What Makes a Civilization? Advanced Cities Specialized Workers Complex Institutions Record Keeping Advanced Technology

8. Advanced Cities Cities with organized areas –Area for trade (marketplace) –Areas for living, farming, etc. Marketplace becomes the most important area due to trade and social part of life In order to trade, you must have items to trade, need workers

9. Specialized Workers With surpluses of food, people began to focus on new jobs Became specialized workers- workers only focus on one job –Artisans - workers that build/create things with their hands People became metal workers, weavers, potters, farmers, etc. –Leads to many new inventions

10. Complex Institutions Includes any organized system that is needed in a civilization Government –Needed for ruling, taxes, leaders Religion –Began to share common beliefs –Believed in ‘natural’ gods Had major temples for religion Economy/ Trade –Used a system of barter (trade)

11. Record Keeping Needed to keep track of tax collections, laws, grain storage –Also used for calendars, etc. Scribes - professional recorders Needed to create written languages to write things down –Created pictographs - pictures to represent words –Stylus - used to press into the clay