1. AP Psychology NCVPS

2. AP Psychology NCVPS

3. The electrochemical communication system of the body Two way communications: from the brain to the body for movement to the brain from the senses http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Page_214_Nervous_System.jpg

4. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, a nerve cell. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

5. The Cell Body, or Soma, contains the nucleus and other parts that keep the cell viable. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

6. Dendrites are the receiving extensions of a neuron. Electrical impulses are received and moved toward the cell body. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

7. Axons are the sending extensions of a neuron. Electrical impulses are received and moved away from the cell body toward the axon terminals. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

8. The myelin sheath acts like insulation, covering the axon and increasing the speed of the neural impulses. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

9. A neural impulse moves from the dendrites, through the cell body, and through the axon before reaching the axon terminal. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron.svg

10. Between neurons is a tiny gap known as the synapse, synaptic gap, or synaptic cleft. Chemical messengers called neurotransmitters carry signals across this fluid filled space from one cell’s axons to another’s dendrites. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemical_synapse_schema_crop ped.jpg

11. Different neurotransmitters affect behavior in different ways. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- Zi63tXYCG8I/T1CXcGt1YDI/AA AAAAAAAOA/ALVMw3a- GGs/s1600/neurotransmitters.gif

12. Some neurotransmitters have an excitatory effect, making it more likely that the next neuron will “fire.” Others have an inhibitory effect, making it less likely the next neuron will respond. Nerves http://stoppullinghairout.com/blo g/

13. http://www.docstoc.com/?doc_id=2240369&download=1

14. Therapeutic drugs have been devised to help with specific behavior issues. Agonists mimic a specific neurotransmitter. Antagonists block a neurotransmitter’s effects. Others prevent reuptake or re-absorption. Nerves http://www.neurosurgical.com/Images/07_Med_Info/7.14%20Medication %20Function%20550.jpg

15. Some neurons have specialized functions. Receptor cells Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons Nerves http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/article_image_large/articles/nerv e%20cell.jpg

16.  Receptor cells are cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into neural impulses that the brain can process. Nerves http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~ikovacs/SandP/prepI_2.html

17.  Receptor cells Nerves http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~ikovacs/SandP/prepI_2.html

18.  Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) carry information from the receptors cells to the spinal cord and brain. Nerves http://leavingbio.net/THE%20NERVOUS%20SYSTEM_files/THE%20NE RVOUS%20SYSTEM_files/image005.jpg

19.  Interneurons process information in the brain and spinal cord. Nerves http://img.tfd.com/dorland/thumbs/interneuron.jpg

20.  Motor neurons (efferent neurons) carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands Nerves http://leavingbio.net/THE%20NERVOUS%20SYSTEM_files/THE%20NE RVOUS%20SYSTEM_files/image005.jpg

21. AP Psychology NCVPS

22. Remember, the Nervous System is: The electrochemical communication system of the body Two way communications: from the brain to the body for movement to the brain from the senses http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Page_214_Nervous_System.jpg

23. The nervous system has multiple divisions. The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The Somatic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System The Sympathetic Nervous System The Parasympathetic Nervous System http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Page_214_Nervous_System.jpg

24. The Nervous System http://www.neurosciencerus.org/wyDiagramNervousSystem.jpg

25. The Central Nervous System Consists of the brain and the spinal cord Most information processing occurs in the brain. The spinal cord is the main pathway to and from the brain. http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19588.htm

26. The Peripheral Nervous System The system that connects the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body. It is subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Images/Cancerinfo/Longdescriptions/Cancertypes/ Nervoussystem_2011_large.jpg

27. The Peripheral Nervous System http://lmtorbust.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/somatic-autonomic-venn-diagram.jpg

28. The Peripheral Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System The Sympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body Fight or flight response http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html

29. The Peripheral Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System The Parasympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html

30. AP Psychology NCVPS

31. The Brain is the most complex organ of the human body and is responsible for processing all of neural impulses generated by the Nervous System. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/brain_structures_000334.htm

32.  The most primitive part of our brain.  Contains the hindbrain and the midbrain  From an evolutionary perspective, it controls survival functions of the body. http://fultoncountybraininjurysupportgroup.health.officelive.com/stem.aspx

33.  Sometimes referred to as the medulla oblongata.  Located at the base of the brainstem  Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing  Damage to this area can lead to death. http://www.interactive-biology.com/107/what-parts-of-the-brain-control-respiration/

34. ◦ The “Little Brain” ◦ Processing center for reflexes involved in balance ◦ Also in those used in gross motor coordination http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/18008.htm

35.  Located in the midbrain  Involved with sleep, arousal, and sustained attention  Damage to this area can cause a coma  Not fully developed in children (i.e. the shorter attention span of younger children) https://ewwgrosser.wikispaces.com/Reticular+Activating+System+-+Period+9

36.  Located where the brainstem and the reticular formation end.  Serves as a communications relay for sensory input  Also involved in sleep and arousal http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/p/thalamus.htm

37.  A system of structures closely link with the hypothalamus.  Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala  Plays a role in regulating eating, drinking, and sexual activity.  Also linked with aggression http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Brain_limbicsystem.jpg

38.  Part of the Limbic system  Located below the thalamus  Linked to hunger, thirst, sexual activity, and emotionality  Also connected to stress reactions http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/HumanBody/NervousSystem/Hypothalamus.htm

39.  Part of the Limbic system  Plays a role in memory, especially short term memory and memory of recent events. http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/hippocampus.html

40.  Part of the Limbic system  Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger http://brainconnection.positscience.com/topics/?main=fa/fear-conditioning2

41.  The most developed structure in the human brain.  Consists of two layers, the outer of which is known as the cerebral cortex. http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/hippocampus.html

42.  The outer layer of the cerebrum.  Divided into two hemispheres  Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes, each with a different function. http://morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/cerebr al_cortex_lobes.html

43.  A wide band of neurons that connect the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex  Allows communication between the two portions. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8753.htm

44.  The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres  This and other fissures in the brain create major divisions in the brain called lobes http://minuscript.wordpress.com/2011/07/14/a-headache/

45.  Located behind the forehead.  Involved in planning and judgment  Contains the motor cortex and is involved in all bodily movements. http://contemporaryhealthnutritionfitness.com/contemporary/?tag=frontal-lobe- development

46.  Located on the top of the head and toward the rear  Includes the somatosensory cortex and general association areas used in processing information, including general processing and mathematical reasoning http://www.health.qld.gov.au/abios/asp/bparietal.asp

47.  Located at the rear of the cerebral cortex  Contains the primary visual processing center of the brain. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html

48.  Located roughly above the ears  Contains the auditory processing areas of the brain http://introspectional.com/section2/page3.php

49.  Involved in all bodily movement, both gross and fine.  Much is devoted to fine motor control. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html

50. Involved in all bodily sensations. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html

51. AP Psychology NCVPS

52.  The concept of being “left-brained” or “right-brained” is no longer given much credit.  The brain is divided into two hemispheres but the two parts work together http://www.mindfulnet.org/page25.htm Click here for a quick test of right/left brain abilities!

53.  Both sides communicate through the corpus callosum, except in those with split brains*.  *For more about split brain surgeries, see http://nawrot.psych.ndsu.nodak.e du/courses/465projects05/splitbr ain/splitbrain4.htm http://nawrot.psych.ndsu.nodak.e du/courses/465projects05/splitbr ain/splitbrain4.htm http://nawrot.psych.ndsu.nodak.edu/courses/465projects05/splitbrain/splitbrain4.htm

54. http://www.thecomeupfoundation.com/2012_02_01_archive.html  Contains the brain’s spatial abilities  Allows organizing things in a given space, judging distances, etc.  Helps make connections between words

55. http://www.thecomeupfoundation.com/2012_02_01_archive.html  Language functions are in the left hemisphere for the majority of the population  For a small percentage of people, language functions are in the right hemisphere.

56.  The brain area of the left frontal lobe  Directs the muscle movements involve in speech  If damaged the person can form the ideas but cannot express them as speech http://faculty.vassar.edu/abbaird/resources/brain_science/images/brocas_area.jpg

57.  A brain area of the left temporal lobe  Involved in language comprehension and expression  Our ability to understand what is said to us  Usually in the left temporal lobe http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/second.html