2. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt (and less) Alan Meier International Energy Agency Alan.Meier@iea.org Presented at KEMCO 29 July 2004 Updated 30 July 2004

3. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Seminar Plan What is standby power? How large is standby? The IEA 1 Watt Plan Policies to cut standby The future

4. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE What is Standby Power? Power consumed by an appliance when switched “off” or while not performing its primary purpose

5. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE How Large is Standby? Device Home Country World

6. Standby Power of each product is tiny--just a few watts-- but most homes have more than 15 products with standby 1 Watt = 9 kWh/year

7. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Standby: up to 25% of Electricity Use in Some Homes

8. Measured Standby in 10 California Homes http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf 2001 USA refrigerator standard

9. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE How Large is Standby? http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf 5 – 10% of residential electricity in most countries Unknown % in commercial buildings ~1% of global CO 2 emissions

10. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The IEA 1-Watt Plan (1998) Reduce standby in all products to < 1 Watt by 2010  50% by 2005 Each country will select its own policies  Labels  Standards  Government procurement Countries will collaborate and agree on:  Definition & test procedure  schedule

11. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Progress Report Countries with a 1-Watt Plan  Australia  United States  Korea  Japan (sort of) Countries with special policy for standby  China  Europe (sort of) Good summary at http://www.powerint.com/greenroom/index.htm

12. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Special Aspects of Standby External power supply agreement  China, Energy Star, Australia, California  Standby < 0.5W  On-mode : > 0.09 * Ln (P no ) + 0.5 http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/ IEA agreement on simple set-top boxes (decoders)  8 W active  1 W standby  Remote control shifts from active  standby http://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103

13. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE IEC Definition and Test Procedure will be formally adopted in late 2004 http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html Definition: “The lowest power consumption mode which cannot be switched off by the user ….

14. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Korea Discussion Topics What appliances should be covered?  Meier: “all products plugged into standard outlets” Which policy is better: Mandatory or voluntary?  Meier: “mandatory, because all manufacturers will have the same costs; this is fairer to manufacturers” Should Korea adopt IEC Definition and Test procedure?  Meier: “yes, copy Australia approach” In September 2003 Standards Australia published an interim test method for the measurement of standby power AS/NZS 62301-2003 (int.) and this is now available for purchase. This standard will be referenced by test methods or regulatory standards where standby requirements are specified. This is based on the IEC CDV of the standard of the same number.Standards Australia

15. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE U S A Executive Order http://oahu.lbl.gov/ Energy Star http://energystar.gov/ California and other states http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/documents/index.html http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html

16. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE 3 Years Ago President Bush Saw This Display

17. July 2001 Executive Order on Standby Power “…Each agency… shall purchase products that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode… where cost effective…” 2 months later http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010731-10.html

18. http://oahu.lbl.gov

19. Product Standby (W) TV1 VCR2 DVD1 TV/VCR/DVD Combinations3 Audio Product1 Desktop Computer2 Integrated Computer5 Workstation2 Laptop Computer1 Computer Monitor1 Printer1 Fax2 Copier1 Multifunction Device1 Docking Station2 Scanner1 Microwave Oven2 Room Air Conditioner- Current Executive Order Standby Levels (July 2004) See: http://oahu.lbl.gov Thank you Korea!

20. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Energy Star & Standby www.energystar.gov Focus of today’s specifications:  Office equipment: sleep mode  Consumer electronics: standby Generally weaker than Executive Order Future  All modes for office equipment & consumer electronics & external power supplies  Set-top boxes: 1 W on standby

21. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE California http://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/ California Energy Commission has authority to make standards  Other states often copy California Proposed standards for  external power supplies (same as Energy Star)  simple decoder set-top boxes (8W/1W)

22. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Japan Meeting Kyoto obligations is major reason for Japanese activity  METI gave grants to industry to study problem  Demonstration VCRs, microwave ovens, ACs 2001: The 3 major appliance manufacturers associations promise to reach 1-Watt on all major appliances by 2004 Standby is not included in TopRunner standards http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html

23. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Australia First country to adopt a policy on standby http://www.energyrating.gov.au/standby.html Coordinated through Australian Greenhouse Office Actions so far  Set goal of 1-Watt on all appliances  Leads IEC tech. committee on test procedure  Supported external power supply spec.

24. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE China Recent study found high standby  High growth rates expected Voluntary standby levels for TVs China is collaborating on specifications for  external power supplies  Set-top boxes

25. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE Europe http://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm http://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm Voluntary “Codes of Conduct”  Power supplies (0.3 -.75 W depending on rating)  Set top boxes  TVs, VCRs?? Mandatory standards soon?  “Ecodesign Directive” Early target will be standby

26. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The Future of Standby http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf We still don’t know if standby energy use is growing or shrinking  Some appliances are more efficient but now there are more appliances with standby!  A “networked home” will be a high standby home if no measures are taken  We need to monitor homes & offices

27. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE The Future of Standby (2) We need to change test procedures to include standby for large appliances (dishwashers, AC, etc. ) Standby --> LOw POwer MOde energy use  Need to consider energy implications of all low power modes (lopomos)

28. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE End Thank You! Alan.Meier@iea.org http://standby.lbl.gov