1. Standby Power… The Phantom Menace Nathalie Péloquin, ing. Senior Standards Engineer Isabelle Saint-Laurent Account Mgr, Industrial Sector Office of Energy Efficiency Toronto, May 4 – 5, 2006

2. 2 Table of contents  Standby Power Definition Trends Scope – Residential and Commercial  Addressing The Issue What is being done now Strategies for the future  Next Steps  Contact Info  Roundtable Discussion

3. 3  The energy used by equipment while it is turned “off” – i.e. not being used or not performing its primary function. Used to power a built-in clock, respond to programming or to remote commands. External energy supplies (“battery packs”) consume power the moment they are plugged into an outlet. What is Standby Power? A.K.A. …vampire loads… phantom loads… leaking electricity… waiting electricity… free-running power… off-mode power…

4. 4 Standby operating modes Source: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories ModeFunctionLeaking Electricity offno function at all  transformer losses  battery overcharging  poor design ("internal" on) passive standbynot performing principal function  ready to be switched on  ready to receive information active standby  additional function  support function onprincipal functionnot leaking Unplugged

5. 5 Standby Power is found all around the house …and more

6. 6 A growing concern Source: Benoit Lebot, International Energy Agency (IEA) Standby 1970 1980199020002010

7. 7 How big is the problem? A very conservative estimate averages 50W per household, roughly equivalent to leaving a 40W light bulb on all the time. 2 14 8 11 123 178 17 15 46 63 MW used in residential standby in Canada: 600 Equivalent # of households taken off the grid in a year: 431,187 21 15 5 6 58 41 3 1 4 5 Amount of MW used under a one-watt scenario: 157 Based on 2004 figures

8. 8 Trends – Residential Best Case Scenario: if all products were to operate at One-Watt Standby Potential Savings: 1,110 MW, 2.4 Mt 227 MW -Capacity of a coal fired power plant Standby Consumption Scenarios: Business As Usual versus One-Watt Source: Standby Power – Status and Trends in Canada, A. Zyzniewski, NRCan 2004.

9. 9 Commercial Standby Power  Current data on standby in the Commercial Sector is more limited  Definition of standby power and low-power modes is less clear-cut Addresses plug load What about the many other devices that draw standby in commercial buildings? –Elevators, –Exit signs, –Emergency lighting, and –HVAC equipment

10. 10 Research overview

11. 11 Estimates of C/I Standby Use  Scenario 1: 10% of electricity is used by standby 47.36 PJ 1,500 MW 1,461,728 households  Scenario 2: 15 kWh/m 2 is used in standby 547.8 million m 2 of office space in Canada (2003) 938 MW 913,000 households  Even a simple reduction of 10% in standby power use would be equivalent to removing ~100,000 households from the grid…

12. 12 Computers... a big part of plug load  Findings of a study of plug load in local government buildings done in Australia in ‘04-’05  Standby power consumption is decreasing, with the exception of desktop computers  Equipment types were found to have relatively high enablement rates, except for computers. Source: Australian Greenhouse Office Study, 2005 Contributions to total standby energy consumption Computer 49% Monitor 28%

13. 13 ENERGY STAR ® Computer Power Mgt (CPM)  98% of computers are shipped with ENERGY STAR CPM, but < 10% are enabled*. 282 1,901 1,459 1,476 16,033 29,749 2,038 6,681 8,862 kW saved if 50% of computers enabled CPM: 70,520 8,625 6,503 1,984 28,956 15,606 1,420 275 1,437 1,851 Equivalent # of households taken off the grid in a year: 68,639 * Source: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories

14. 14 Initiative for energy efficient PCs  Targets the internal power supplies of desktop computers and desktop-derived servers –80% or greater efficiency at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load –True power factor of 0.9 or greater  Offers utilities an opportunity to secure energy and peak savings in the Commercial / Institutional sector  Creates early market traction for the upcoming ENERGY STAR ® specification revision.

15. 15 Initiative Overview Comm / Inst Buyers Provide energy savings Utilities Provide financial incentives Manufacturers Provide energy-efficient products

16. 16 Potential  Savings of 700 to 2,435 kWh per unit, over the lifetime of a desktop computer or server.  Low acquisition cost 1.3¢ per kWh (TRC) 1.9 ¢ per kWh (UCT) Source: Assessment of the Canadian PC Market, Dunsky Energy Consulting, 2006

17. 17 Current Canadian activities  The ENERGY STAR ® Initiative: Development and maintenance of criteria Promotion of symbol to increase awareness Inclusion of ENERGY STAR in Federal Green Procurement Policies  Technical Preliminary analysis of Canadian situation (NRCan) Technical Committees consider standby as existing standards are revised and new ones developed –Standby is addressed on an equipment specific basis by stakeholders (e.g. manufacturers, industry groups, etc.) Update regulations where appropriate.  Programs Such as support of 80 PLUS initiative in Canada

18. 18 ENERGY STAR ® : part of a Standby strategy  Standby power consumption addressed in consumer electronics; Tiered levels and continual criteria revisions ensure tightened levels. –TV,DVD,VCR, Combo, Audio products, cordless phone, Battery Charging system, External Power supplies  Develop strategic initiatives to encourage use of low-power and sleep modes.

19. 19, 1999  2 July 1 ‘06  2 2 Jul 1 ‘07  2 2 Mar 1 ‘07  1-2 Measurements of standby power for appliances in a typical US home* * Source: Alan Meier, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) ENERGY STAR maximum standby power specification International Energy Agency’s One-Watt Initiative Jan 1 ‘06  1 1 July 1 ‘03  1 1  1 1 Jan 1 ‘03  1 July 1 ‘05  1 July 1 ‘05  1 July 1 ‘05  1

20. 20 Next steps  Need for better understanding of scope of issue in Canada Studies to supplement current info on residential Studies to bring sound info on commercial  Assemble a committee of stakeholders willing to tackle the issue  Develop and implement a strong Canadian policy

21. 21 Roundtable discussion Chair:Julia McNally Manager of Planning, Coordinating and Reporting Ontario Power Authority

22. 22 Discussion topic Can Canada reach a goal of 1 watt (or less) by 2010? 1W

23. 23 How could this be achieved?  Establish evaluation criteria and track results.  Establish Canadian consumer electronics database.  Work with industry groups to gather shipment data of equipment including share of ENERGY STAR (standby).  Examine the potential of voluntary targets with industry.  Implement low-standby within the green procurement policy of the Federal Government and challenge the industry to follow suit.  Adopt standby loss in Regulations. Adopt current ENERGY STAR MEPS or past tier levels  Others…

24. Backup Slides

25. 25 International Activities  International Energy Agency (IEA) One-Watt Stand-by Power Initiative  Various Standby Initiatives: European Union, the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan  Government Procurement Policies: Australia, United States (FEMP) and European Union  Australia has formally adopted a “one-watt plan”

26. 26 International Activities JurisdictionActivity Australia  Home electronics under ENERGY STAR  Energy Rating Label scheme for white goods  Negotiated voluntary standby goals in industry – which could potentially become mandatory United States  Energy Star levels for standby consumption, which have lowered in given time periods. Many products labeled as ENERGY STAR as of 2003 will have One-Watt standby consumption.  CEC has adopted standards to limit standby losses for external power supplies and for consumer audio and video equipment. Range of standby loss requirements are from less than.5 Watts for external power supplies to 4 Watts for compact audio projects. Most standards take effect on January 1, 2006 or January 1, 2007 European Union  Agreement with audio manufacturers association to reduce standby to One-Watt by 2007.  Code of conduct agreements with industry for digital set-top boxes and external power supplies.  ENERGY STAR program adopted for office equipment.

27. 27 Poster Mouse Pad Tent Card Desktop leave behind US Power Management Campaign Material

28. 28 80 PLUS Potential  Savings range from $20 to $68 over the lifetime of the computer. Conservative estimate on the low end as most business PCs do not get turned off or go to standby at night. * Assumes that PCs are turned on 8hrs/day, off during non-work hours, and servers are on 24/7. ** The reduction in losses due to reduced or eliminated harmonic currents is estimated to be 4%. *** Assuming an average cost of $0.08/kWh - but NO demand charge