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Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1.

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1

2 ORGANIZATION VS. ARCHITECTURE Computer OrganizationComputer Architecture Physical aspects of a computer system Study on how various circuits and components fit together to create a working computer Logical Aspects of a computer system Focuses on the structure and behavior of a computer system

3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Processor Interpret and execute programs Memory Store both data and programs I/O Mechanism Transfer data to and from outside world Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software: Anything that can be done with software can also be done with hardware, and anything that can be done with hardware can also be done with software.

4 Example Computer System  Pentium III 667 MHz  133 MHz 64MB SDRAM  32KB L1 cache, 256 KB L2 cache  30GB EIDE hard drive (7200 RPM)  48x max variable CD- ROM  2 USB ports, 1 serial port, 1 parallel port  19 “ monitor, 24mm AG, 1280x1024 at 85 GHz  Intel 3D AGP Graphics Card  56K PCI Voice Modem  64-bit PCI soundcard

5 A Look Inside the Computer:

6 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS Computer Manufacturers have agreed to comply with connectivity and operational specifications established by a number of government and industry organizations. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Organization on Standardization (ISO)

7 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Generation Zero: Mechanical Calculating Machines Generation One: Vacuum Tube Computers Generation Two: Transistorized Computes Generation Three: Integrated Circuit Computers Generation Four: VLSI Computers

8 MOORE’S LAW “The density of transistors in an integrated circuit will double every year.” -Gordon Moore

9 THE COMPUTER LEVEL HIERARCHY User High-Level Language Assembly Language System Software Machine Control Digital Logic

10 THE VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

11 THE MODIFIED VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE


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