1. 1 CHANGES TO CORPORATE INCOME TAX RULES IN THE CONTEXT OF EU INTEGRATION Sylwia Sobowiec Sławomir Boruc ( presentation prepared with the help of Baker & McKenzie Amsterdam office )

2. 2 EU LAW ON DIRECT TAXATION  Merger Directive  Parent Subsidiary Directive  Interest and Royalty Directive  Savings Directive  Arbitration Convention

3. 3 EU LAW ON DIRECT TAXATION cont’d  Importance of the case law of European Court of Justice

4. 4 Aims:  Enable tax free business reorganization  Safeguard fiscal interest of member states (defer taxation)  Deny benefits of the Directive in the case of tax evasion or avoidance MERGER DIRECTIVE

5. 5 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d.  Merger  Division  Transfer of assets  Exchange of shares

6. 6 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Merger (3 possibilities) Company A  Being dissolved without going into liquidation  Transferring all assets and liabilities to another existing company B  In exchange for shares (and cash) issued to the shareholders of company A

7. 7 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Merger (first option) shareholders German GmbH B UK Ltd A Companies from two or more states (receiving company) (dissolved)

8. 8 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Merger (other options)  same as above, only German GmbH and UK Ltd. both transfer assets / liabilities to NewCo  subsidiary merged into parent company

9. 9 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Division  Company A being dissolved (without going into liquidation)  Transfer of all assets and liabilities to two or more companies  In exchange for shares (and cash) issued to the shareholders of company A

10. 10 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Division shareholders NewCoAUK LtdNewCoB transfer

11. 11 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Transfer of Assets Branch Italian S.p.A UK Ltd shares transfer

12. 12 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d. Exchange of shares Italian S.p.A UK Ltd shareholders transfer

13. 13 MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d.  Mergers and divisions are not possible in many member states according to domestic commercial law  Companies from two or more member states  Companies listed in the annex to the Directive  Possibility of implementing min. 25% holding (10% is proposed) in the capital of the transferring company in order to benefit from the Directive

14. 14 PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE  Companies from different member states listed in the Annex  Parent holds at least 25% in the capital of subsidiary (10% holding is proposed)  Option to introduce two year holding period (Denkavit case)

15. 15 PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE cont’d.  No withholding tax on dividends  Dividends received exempt from tax or credit is given for corporate income tax paid by subsidiary on those profits

16. 16 INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE WHT rates

17. 17 INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE cont’d.  Exemption of interest and royalties from withholding tax  Interest and royalties paid by a company/PE of one member state to a company/PE of another member state  The recipient must be the beneficial owner of interest and royalties  Both the payer and the recipient must be associated (with each other)

18. 18 INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE cont’d. P R 25% interest/royalty EU

19. 19 INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE cont’d. R P 25% interest/royalty EU

20. 20 INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE cont’d. SHAREHOLDER R 25% P EU

21. 21 SAVINGS DIRECTIVE AIM  Taxation of savings income in the Member State in which the beneficial owner being an individual is a resident

22. 22 SAVINGS DIRECTIVE cont’d. SCOPE  Exchange of information (almost all EU countries)  Withholding tax (Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg and non- EU countries: Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Andorra, San Marino)

23. 23 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH TAX REGULATIONS WITH THE MERGER DIRECTIVE  Harmonization of provisions regarding: Mergers Divisions Transfer of assets  Lack of harmonization in the case of exchange of shares

24. 24 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH TAX REGULATIONS WITH THE MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d  Exchange of shares – a company acquires shares in another company as a result of which the first will hold a majority of voting rights in that other company in exchange for shares of the acquiring company issued to shareholders of the other company

25. 25 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH TAX REGULATIONS WITH THE MERGER DIRECTIVE cont’d P A S P – holds shares in S with a nominal value of 100 m.u. P – contributes the shares it holds in S to A at the market price of 1000 m.u. and takes up shares in A for 1000 m.u. 100% shares 100% transfer

26. 26 ADAPTATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS TO THE PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE  Exemption from withholding tax on dividends (and other revenue from sharing in profits of legal persons)  paid by Polish company  received by EU company (subject to corporate income tax)  EU company holds for at least 2 years a minimum of 25% shares in capital of Polish company

27. 27 ADAPTATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS TO THE PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE cont’d  Exemption does not apply to:  profits from the redemption of shares  profits from the sale of shares for the purpose of their redemption  liquidation profits  Obligation to keep the shares for 2 years – how it will work in practice (Denkavit case)

28. 28 ADAPTATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS TO THE PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE cont’d INCOME 100 CIT (19%) 19 INCOME AFTER CIT 81 DIVIDEND 81 WHT 0% 0 PAID DIVIDEND 81 P S RECEIVED DIVIDEND 81

29. 29 ADAPTATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS TO THE PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE cont’d Tax Credit  Polish parent authorised to deduct from its tax any corporate income tax paid by EU subsidiary on profits out of which dividend was paid  Polish parent holds at least 25% of shares in EU subsidiary for at least 2 years  Tax credit is limited to the amount of Polish tax that relates to foreign income

30. 30 ADAPTATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS TO THE PARENT SUBSIDIARY DIRECTIVE cont’d INCOME 100 CIT (10%) 10 INCOME AFTER CIT 90 DIVIDEND 90 WHT 0% 0 PAID DIVIDEND 90 P S INCOME 200 DIVIDEND 90 TOTAL INCOME 290 CIT (19%) 19% X 290 55,1 CIT TO PAY (55,1 – 10) 45,1

31. 31 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS WITH THE INTEREST AND ROYALTY DIRECTIVE  No changes to the regulations were proposed  Poland has asked for transitional periods  5% withholding tax on interest for 8 years  10% withholding tax on royalties during the first 4 years and 5% tax during the next 4 years  No response from EU was reported to date  What will happen after May 1, 2004?

32. 32 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS WITH SAVINGS DIRECTIVE  No changes were proposed

33. 33 HARMONIZATION OF POLISH REGULATIONS WITH EU DIRECTIVES  Are Polish thin capitalisation rules in line with EU regulations?