2. Causes of WWI (The Great War)

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Central Powers (Triple Alliance):

6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

7. 1. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

8. 2. Alliances

9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism= Extreme dedication and loyalty to one’s country 4. Aggressive Nationalism= Extreme dedication and loyalty to one’s country

11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 After the Balkan wars of 1913- 1913, Balkans are the “Powder Keg” of Europe. All they needed was a spark…. After the Balkan wars of 1913- 1913, Balkans are the “Powder Keg” of Europe. All they needed was a spark….

12. The “ Spark ”

13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

14. The Assassination: Sarajevo

15. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

16. The Domino Effect  (1) A-H Empire issues an ultimatum to allow Austria forces to investigate and stop anti-Austrian activities  (2) Serbia refuses ultimatum, Austria- Hungary declares war  (3) Russia mobilizes army to defend Serbia  (4) Germany declares war on Russia

17. The Domino Effect (5) France declares war on Germany  (6) Germany invades Belgium to attack France  (7) Britain declares war on Germany  Text p. 846

18. Europe in 1914

19. Who’s To Blame?

20. The Schlieffen Plan

21. German Atrocities in Belgium

22. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

23. Recruitment Posters

24. A Young Australian Recruit

25. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

29. John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them call-ing you and me, ev'-ry son of lib-er-ty Hur-ry right a-way, no de-lay, go to-day Make your Dad-dy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweet-heart not to pine, to be proud her boy's in line O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There! John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, John-nie show the Hun you're a son of a gun Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yan-kee Doo-dle do or die Pack your lit-tle kit, show your grit, do your bit Yan-kees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks Make your moth-er proud of you and the old Red White and Blue O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There!

30. 1.Can you describe the setting, precipitating events, and alliances that were formed? 2.Who declared war and in what order? 3.What was the Schleiffin Plan? 4.Who was the Arch Duke Ferdinand and why did Aust-Hung. Declare war on Serbia?

31. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

32. Australian Poster

33. American Poster

34. Financing the War

35. German Poster

36. What is the purpose of propoganda? Why is it used?

37. The Western Front: Trench Warfare

38. A Multi-Front War

39. The Western Front

40. Trench Warfare

41. “No Man’s Land”

46. Australians Occupying German Trench

47. The Stench  Rotting carcasses lay around in their thousands. For example, approximately 200,000 men were killed on the Somme battlefields, many of which lay in shallow graves.  Overflowing latrines would similarly give off a most offensive stench.  Men who had not been afforded the luxury of a bath in weeks or months would offer the pervading odor of dried sweat. The feet were generally accepted to give off the worst odor.  Trenches would also smell of creosol or chloride of lime, used to stave off the constant threat of disease and infection.  Add to this the smell of cordite, the lingering odor of poison gas, rotting sandbags, stagnant mud, cigarette smoke and cooking food... yet men grew used to it, while it thoroughly overcame first-time visitors to the front.

48. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

49. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

50. War Is HELL !!

52. Poison gas strikes the skin

54. Sacrifices in War

55. Click Esc. And continue for next two slides (One and Aftermath)

57. Aftermath Poem

58. The Eastern Front

59. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

60. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

61. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

62. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

63. The Tsar with General Brusilov

64. Women and the War Effort

65. Financing the War

66. For Recruitment

67. Munitions Workers

68. French Women Factory Workers

69. German Women Factory Workers

70. Working in the Fields

71. A Woman Ambulance Driver

72. Red Cross Nurses

73. Women in the Army Auxiliary

74. Russian Women Soldiers

75. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

76.  In your notebook- what benefits did women gain during WWI?

78. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

80. Sikh British Soldiers in India

81. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

82. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

83. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

84. B. Pretend you are a colonist in Africa as you study the map on p. 852 How might you feel if you were drafted into a war for the “mother country”? Would it be in your best interest to fight? Ghandi:”If we improve our status with the help and cooperation of the British…we will stand with them during their hour of need”

85. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

87. French Renault Tank

88. Tanks  Used invention of internal combustion engine  Early tanks very unreliable – pushed into service before fully developed  British hoped they would end stalemate on Western Front  Advantages of tank – could travel over muddy land and cut through barbed wire

89. U-Boats

90. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

91. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

92. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

93. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

94. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

95. Poison Gas Machine Gun

96. WWI Weapons Machine guns, grenades, <---mortars, chlorine gas

97. British Tank at Ypres

98. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

99. The Zeppelin

100. Armenian Massacre in Turkey

101. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

102. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Turkish Genocide of Armenians (1914 - 1922) Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800

103. America Joins the Allies

104. The Sinking of the Lusitania

105. The Zimmerman Telegram

106. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

107. Americans in the Trenches

108. “ Art ” of World War I

109. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

110. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

111. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

112. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

113. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

114. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

115. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 20,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 20,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

116. Spanish Flu strain- world-wide

117. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

118. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

119. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

120. Over 9,000,000 dead Paste in Children’s Crusade

121. nothing escaped the war...

122. british

123. austrian

124. french

125. canadian

126. american

127. russian

128. british

129. german

130. austrian

131. french and german

132. german

133. russian

134. italian

135. french

136. german

137. “In death there is not much distinction, friend or foe are treated alike” 9. 12.

138. Who is he? Does it even matter?

139. Germany-A-H Surrender

141. Armistice Day November 11, 1918

143. Before After

144. Before After

147. Who will pay? Who to blame? Never again?