1. Natural Selection Part 2
MLK
Spring 2006
M.Elizabeth

2. Chapter 10: Classification
Chapter 10.1: Sorting it all out
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities.
Why Classify It is a natural thing for humans to classify things so that we know how best to use them

3. Why Classify
Biologist classify organisms living and extinct in order to make sense because there are so many different kinds of organisms.
Geologists have done the same by putting rocks into categories: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.

4. Biologist Classify
Classifying living things makes it easier for biologists to see patterns and to find answers to the following questions
How many known species are there
What are the characteristics of these species
What are the relationships between these species

5. B. Levels of Classification
Six Kingdoms each of which are divided into phyla (phylum singular).
Each phylum is divided into classes.
Each class is divided into orders
Each order is divided into families
Each family is divided into genera (genus singular)
Each genus is divided into species.
A species is a group of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

6. Mnemonic - Rhyme King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda King = Kingdom
Phillip = Phyla
Came = Class
Over = Order
For = Family
Grape = Genus
Soda = Species

7. Kingdoms have the most members and the classification system narrows the numbers to species which has one (even now sometimes scientist narrow to the subspecies - strains

8. C. What is the basis for Classification
Carolus Linnaeus is the “father” of taxonomy.
Taxonomy is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things.
Linnaeus was a Swedish physician and botanist who lived in the 1700’s
Linnaeus classified organism by their shared characteristics
After Darwin – scientist looked also for presumed evolutionary relationships

9. Cladogram – branching diagram

10. D. Naming Names
Linnaeus as father of taxonomy developed the two part scientific name for species.
Latin or Greek names are used as building blocks for scientific names
The first person to discover a species is given the opportunity to name it
The two part scientific name begins with the genus and is followed by the species. Both are underlined or italicized.

11. E. Dichotomous Keys
Taxonomists use guides known as dichotomous keys to aid in identifying unknown organisms.
A Dichotomous key consits of several pairs of descriptive statements that have an either/or response.

13. 10.2 The Six Kingdoms
Protista (eukaryotic cells with characteristics like animal and plant)
Archaebacteria – prokaryotic cells that live in extreme environments
Eubacteria – prokaryotic cells that live everywhere except extreme environments.
Plantae – eukaryotic cells (plant cells) oldest living organisms
Fungi – eukaryotic cells like plants but do not perform photosynthesis
Animalia – eukaryotic cells, can move, have nervous systems