1. Chapter 16 Your Body Systems Lesson 8 Your Reproductive System
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2. When a male’s sperm cell joins with a female’s egg cell fertilization
reproductive system
The body system containing the organs that make possible the production of offspring
sperm
The male sex cell
When an internal organ pushes against or through a surrounding cavity wall
hernia
Click to reveal the definitions.
When a male’s sperm cell joins with a female’s egg cell
fertilization

3. The release of one mature egg cell each month
ovulation
The release of one mature egg cell each month
When the lining material, the unfertilized egg, and some blood flow out of the body
menstruation
menstrual cycle
Hormonal changes that occur in females from the beginning of one menstruation to the next
Click to reveal the definitions.

4. Comparing and Contrasting
Make a list of similarities and differences between the male and female reproductive systems.

5. In this lesson, you will learn to
identify the parts of the male and female reproductive systems.
explain the three functions of the female reproductive system.
identify problems of the male and female reproductive systems.
describe ways to keep your reproductive system healthy.

6. The Reproductive System
Unlike other body systems, the reproductive system is different for males and females.
reproductive system The body system containing the organs that make possible the production of offspring

7. The Male Reproductive System
During puberty, the testes produce testosterone and sperm.
sperm The male sex cell
The testes are the male reproductive glands.
Testosterone is a male hormone.

8. The Male Reproductive System
Epididymis
Van Deferens
Ejaculation
Sperm mix with secretions from the seminal vesicles, the prostrate gland, and the Cowper’s gland. Semen is created.
Sperm are stored in the epididymis, a network of tubes located behind the testes.

9. Problems of the Male Reproductive System
Injury to the testes
Testicular cancer
Hernia
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Injury to the testes:
Wearing appropriate protective gear during sports is one way to avoid injuring the testes.
Testicular cancer:
Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers for males 14 to 34.
Testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
It testicular cancer is detected and treated early, the person has an excellent chance of recovering.
Hernia:
The most common type of hernia, inguinal hernia, occurs when the intestine pushes into the scrotum.
Hernias are mainly caused by incorrect lifting.
A hernia appears as a lump or swelling in the groin or lower abdomen.
Hernias are corrected by surgery.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
STDs are spread through sexual contact.
Some STDs can cause sterility if left untreated. This means the person cannot produce offspring.
hernia When an internal organ pushes against or through a surrounding cavity wall

10. The Female Reproductive System
Three Functions of the Female Reproductive System
Store egg cells
Create offspring
Give birth

11. The Female Reproductive System
New life is formed through the process of fertilization.
fertilization When a male’s sperm cell joins with a female egg
Once fertilized, the egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus where it attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to grow.

12. The Female Reproductive System
The embryo becomes a fetus in about eight weeks.
In approximately nine months, the fetus is mature and ready to be born.

13. The Menstrual Cycle
During puberty, egg cells mature and are released by the ovaries in a process called ovulation.
ovulation The release of one mature egg cell each month
Just before one of the ovaries releases an egg cell, the uterus lining thickens. The uterus is getting ready to receive and nourish a fertilized egg.

14. The Menstrual Cycle
If an egg is not fertilized, the uterus lining breaks down and is shed by the body through menstruation.
menstruation When the lining material, the unfertilized egg, and some blood flow out of the body

15. This process is called the menstrual cycle.
Menstruation usually lasts from 5 to 7 days and happens about every 28 days.
This process is called the menstrual cycle.
For most girls, menstruation begins anywhere from age 9 to age 16.
During the first few years of menstruation, the menstrual cycle may be irregular.
It is normal for females to have cramps before or during their period.
menstrual cycle Hormonal changes that occur in females from the beginning of one menstruation to the next

16. Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Infertility
Ovarian cysts
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Infertility:
This is the inability to get pregnant. It may be due to blocked fallopian tubes or a failure to produce eggs.
Ovarian cysts:
These are growths on the ovary. Symptoms of ovarian cysts include a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen and abdominal pain, swelling, and bloating.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):
These are diseases spread through sexual contact.

17. Care of the Reproductive System
Males
Females
Avoid wearing tight clothing.
Check the testes monthly for lumps, swelling, or soreness.
Perform a breast self-exam monthly for unusual lumps or thickening.
Get regular physical exams.
Keep a record of the menstrual cycle.
During the period, change tampons or sanitary pads every four hours.
See a doctor if you experience severe cramps or unusually heavy bleeding.
Both
Practice good hygiene by bathing or showering regularly.
Abstain from sexual activity, which will protect you from STDs and unplanned pregnancy.

18. What I Learned Vocabulary What is fertilization? Lesson 8 Review
the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell

19. Lesson 8 Review
What I Learned
List What are three functions of the female reproductive system?
store egg cells, create offspring, give birth

20. Lesson 8 Review
What I Learned
Describe Describe two ways to keep your reproductive system healthy.
Any two: self-examinations, shower or bathe regularly, practice abstinence; males—avoid wearing tight clothing, wear an athletic protector, avoid steroids; for females—change tampons and pads frequently, record periods

21. What I Learned Identify What are the male sex cells called?
Lesson 8 Review
What I Learned
Identify What are the male sex cells called?
sperm cells

22. What I Learned Recall Name two female reproductive system problems.
Lesson 8 Review
What I Learned
Recall Name two female reproductive system problems.
Any two: toxic shock syndrome, cancer, infertility, ovarian cysts, STDs

23. Lesson 8 Review
Thinking Critically
Analyze How are the female and male reproductive systems similar? How are they different?
Sample answer: Both produce and store reproductive cells. The structures are different in that male structures are external and female structures are internal.

24. Lesson 8 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Mario will be the catcher this year on his baseball team. What special precautions does Mario need to take to prevent injury to his reproductive system?
Mario should wear a protective cup.

25. Chapter 16 Your Body Systems End of Lesson 8 Your Reproductive System
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