1. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW A Comprehensive Approach to ATM Incorporating Autonomous Aircraft ATM Research Group University of Glasgow

2. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Free Flight / Free Route Airspace: the impossible ideal operation m From the departure gate to the arrival gate, an undelayed flight on a route that is chosen by the airline operator. m The Problem: Other Aircraft !

3. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW The objectives of our studies: to facilitate autonomous aircraft operations m Reduce congestion at airports and in airspace m Increase flexibility for airlines operations m Facilitate controllers tasks m Maintain adequate levels of safety

4. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW A comprehensive approach includes: m New strategies for ATFM to reduce congestion m Air traffic density manageable by ASAS equipment in Autonomous Aircraft operations m Autonomous Aircraft operations in designated volumes of airspace m Aircraft responsible for separation assurance m Transfer from Autonomous Aircraft operations to conventionally controlled airspace m Maintain the benefits of Autonomous Aircraft during TMA operations

5. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Our studies address the problem with: m A scheme for ATFM based on a statistical evaluation of flights to form a schedule that minimises conflicts. m Methodologies for Autonomous Aircraft ASAS using a system of DAI and Multi-agent techniques. m The Optimal Control of the Transfer from Autonomous Aircraft operations to Terminal Area Airspace.

6. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW A Statistical approach to Air Traffic Flow Management (1) Current problems: m Uncertainty in air traffic flows m Airspace and airport congestion m Loss of flexibility for aircraft operations Objectives: m Reduce congestion in the airspace m Optimise aircraft throughput in airports

7. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW A Statistical approach to Air Traffic Flow Management (2) Approach: m The analysis of historical data m The application of probability and statistical theory Goals: m To distribute aircraft arrivals and departures evenly in time through optimal dynamic re-scheduling m To control air traffic density to manageable levels for Autonomous Aircraft operations

8. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Autonomous aircraftAutonomous aircraft responsible for separation assurance Avoid conflicts with aircraft within communications and surveillance rangeAvoid conflicts with aircraft within communications and surveillance range Multi-agent systems approach to Autonomous Aircraft operations (1)

9. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Multi-agent systems approach to Autonomous Aircraft operations (2) Conflict resolution algorithms and operational procedures based on multi-agent systems theory Conflict resolution algorithms and operational procedures based on multi-agent systems theory Co-operation: Aircraft involved in a conflict form a team and implement a common plan to share the costs of the conflict resolution Co-operation: Aircraft involved in a conflict form a team and implement a common plan to share the costs of the conflict resolution

10. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Transition from Autonomous Aircraft operations to Terminal Area Airspace (1) Approach Zone Tower Zone Terminal Area Autonomous Aircraft operations Contrrolled Airspace TMA Entry Point Intermediate Approach Fix Final Approach Fix Proposed Trajectory Possible points of conflict/delay Possible Holding Pattern/Stack

11. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Approach Zone Tower Zone Terminal Area Controlled airspace TMA Entry Point Intermediate Approach Fix Final Approach Fix Transition Zone boundary Dynamic Radial Distance From Finals Optimal Transition Zone trajectory determined by ground ATC Autonomous Aircraft operations Transition from Autonomous Aircraft operations to Terminal Area Airspace (2)

12. UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW Current Status & Future Research Current Status m Encouraging results have been obtained in the three proposed schemes Future Research m Extend the three schemes m Develop a unified ATM model that incorporates the three schemes m Use the model to investigate other operational factors