1. 1 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved The Role of Satellites and Passenger Communications for Future Air Traffic Management Markus Werner TriaGnoSys GmbH

2. 2 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Future Air Traffic Management The Vision –formulated in EC report European Aeronautics: a Vision for 2020 (1/2001) –make Europe a global leader in aviation market, based on scientific and technological excellence –while air traffic is continuously growing, provide > safety: increase flight security, reduce accidents > capacity: reduce congestion > passenger service and reliability: fewer delays > environmental care: reduce noise and gaseous emissions Quantitative targets can not be achieved without major changes in concepts! Recent Major Initiatives: –Boeing ATM business unit established 11/2000; strong cooperation with FAA –Airbus, EADS, Thales Air Traffic Alliance, formed 7/2002 –ESA and Eurocontrol Agreement, signed 8/2002

3. 3 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Future ATM over Satellite Motivation and Approach –use integrated communications, navigation & surveillance (CNS) services –global ATM requires satellites –truly global operation may be a case for non-GEO constellations –a European GEO as entry into a strong European satellite ATM initiative?

4. 4 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Roadmap: Key Elements Global satellite network for navigation (Galileo) Global satellite network(s) for communications a tailored system design is required –as entry/proof-of-concept a European GEO solution (one satellite) is required in the mid-term –in parallel or as next step use of a global GEO constellation (e.g. Inmarsat-4) –for truly global coverage the long-term solution would be non-GEO (MEO) Trajectory calculation/adaptation: –Automation –Optimization algorithms/tools –Huge processing power High-precision navigation and advanced communication must be really integrated ( on functional level!) Advanced CNS/ATM must provide a clearly extended service spectrum and higher capacity

5. 5 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Roadmap: Key Elements (contd) Clear transition from voice to data comms Frequency issues –Need for one unique block of primary-use frequency band for all types of ATM/ATC services? –or possibility to split safety-critical / AOC / nice-to-have added value services … ? QoS requirements –Qualitative and quantitative specification of requirements?!

6. 6 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Roadmap: Key Milestones Availability of systems or system components GPS including future developments Galileo SDLS Inmarsat (B-GAN) … WirelessCabin … FlyNet … Tailored concepts/architectures for –Global satellite-based (overlay) ATM network –Functional integration of Com and Nav –Advanced data communications and relation between data&voice

7. 7 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Need for Market Estimation Most promising business case perspective is a combined one: CNS/ATM (non-safety-critical) and modern passenger communications Flight routes Satellite coverage Multiservice user&traffic Capacity requirements (peak, average, dynamics …) Business model

8. 8 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Some Facts on QoS, Reliability etc. of SatComs based on the position paper PUSH A BIT Providing Unprecedented Satellite EnHanced Aeronautical Passenger Communications to Boost Improved Air Traffic Control Services assuming WirelessCabin system Data rates (kbit/s): 64 (Swift 64), 432 (B-GAN), 2000 (Connexion) Latency: 270ms RTD, all additional delays comparable to terrestrial; connection set-up delay only few RTDs (permanently available link for traffic aggregates) Handover/Diversity: seamless for two antennas, <10sec for one antenna QoS: service quality for both voice and data comparable to terrestrial, e.g. GSM voice quality and Internet/WLAN packet error rates Availability: mainly function of geographic coverage Redundancy & backup: 1) multiple coverage (diversity) 2) cold redundancy (in-orbit spares) 3) hot redundancy (co-location)

9. 9 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Kickoff Visions still too early ?? Features of the global CNS/ATM satellite network –High-precision position determination –Real-time high-capacity information input to: strategic planning instead of reaction/intervention –True multi-service (voice, picture/video, data, …) –Deliver input information for trajectory-based planning –On-line dynamic flight re-planning –Integrate all levels of planning due to global view: global, international, national, regional, local –Meshed network, inherent backup paths and redundancy –Decentralized where possible/reasonable distributed decisions

10. 10 © 2003 - TriaGnoSys GmbH - All rights reserved Some more long-term research issues … … but not unrealistic to bring some elements into future satellite ATM within the time frame 2020+ IPv6 and VPN Interworking of space-ground communications Point-to-point comms party-line comms true multicast approaches Frequency planning, unique frequencies throughout flight, … Satellite handover and diversity Very futuristic, but definitely worth a vision: - optical sat/aircraft links - ad-hoc networking sat/AC and AC/AC …