1. Financial Issues in Solid Waste Management Expenditures -capital investment -operational investment Revenues

2. Capital Investment waste collection equipment, waste transportation vehicles, land for waste disposal facilities, waste handling equipment, office building and equipment, infrastructure like roads, electric connection, pollution control equipment, water supply to waste handling sites, and investment towards safety, environment monitoring

3. Operational costs Salary to waste handling staff and office staff, stationary, energy/fuel, office stationary, communication, chemicals/other consumables, training, insurance, statutory fees, consultancy/auditor/advocate/legal fees,

4. Continue---- vehicle & equipment maintenance, bribe to government agencies, safety equipments, environmental monitoring, official travelling health check up and vaccination of employees, Depreciation interest towards loans if any

5. Revenues collection, transportation and disposal fee, subsidy financial assistance from government or international agency or others, and revenue from selling recyclable/reusable materials.

6. Chapter 2 Waste Quantities and Characteristics

7. Solid wastes need to be characterized by: sources, generation rates, types of wastes produced, and composition

8. Sources of Solid Waste domestic refuse (solid waste generated by markets, food centers, households and commercial premises etc.), industrial refuse (does not include hazardous and toxic waste which requires special treatment, handling and disposal), institutional solid waste (solid waste from government offices, schools, hospitals, recreational facilities etc.)

9. Quantities and Composition Waste generation rates: 0.4 -1.6 Kg/Cap/day Quantity and composition is a function of the lifestyle and living standard of the region’s inhabitants

10. Typical waste characteristics of the developing nations high waste densities, high moisture contents, large organic fraction, cities with sweeping as well as open ground storage characterized by large amount of dust and dirt.

11. Physical Characteristics density, Size distribution of components, and moisture content.  Other characteristics which may be used in making decision about solid waste management are: colour, voids, shape of components, optical property, magnetic properties, and electric properties.

12. Chemical Chs moisture (water content can change chemical and physical properties), volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, fusing point of ash, calorific value, percent of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and ash.