1. By 1640 they dominated New England Presentation covers pages 1,4 11-14, 27-29

2. American character shaped by their moral, ethical, and religious

3. They wanted to purify the Church of England: simpler forms of worship & church organization modeled after the Bible Persecuted in England: jail, whipped, noses slit, ears chopped off Religion is a personal, inner experience (direct contact with God)

4. Humans are sinful by nature Most people are damned for all eternity Salvation belongs to the elect few identified by their virtue, hard work, and worldly success (all signs of God’s grace) People should live in thrifty, self-reliant and simple way

5. Everyday world and spiritual world closely intertwined Most people are damned for all eternity though some are the saved “elect” by the grace of God You did not know if you were damned or saved Inner arrival of God’s grace was demonstrated by your outward behavior After receiving God’s grace you were reborn into a community of saints People aimed to be industrious, temperate, and simple in their daily lives as a reflection of their faith

6. Believed in a covenant or contract existed between God and humanity Saintly elect could exert influence but it was often undemocratic (witch trials) Created society governed by the Bible where all worked for the common good. Demanded strict conformity (dissenters were flogged, banished, or sentenced to death) Value education – established Harvard College for their ministers

7. Created as man’s subordinate & helpmate A good wife was compliant and self-effacing Could not participate in government or be ministers (Anne Hutchinson was exiled for trying)

8. Plain style of writing; simple and direct Portrays life as a journey to salvation Recorded the workings of God in their daily lives

9. Begins the history of American poetry Immigrant, teenage bride 4 sons, 4 daughters Write privately, her work was published without her permission Would have been considered arrogant/wrong for a woman to try and compete with male scholars but her work was well received

10. New England considered holy b/c the Devil was so interested in it People confess they are bewitched – 150 people accused of being witches “Mass hysteria” Possible causes: repression from strict society, threat of nonconformists to Puritan life 19 hanged and one crushed to death

11. Pages 35-43

12. Wampanoag Chief Metacomet Reason for the war Mary’s story – she and 3 children taken as ransom for 11 wks and 5 days Native Americans are starving and being chased by Colonial soldiers from camp to camp Event has spiritual and physical significance