1. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications1 VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground Communication by Larry Johnsson and Fredrik Lindblom Swedish Civil Aviation Administration (SCAA)

2. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications2 Agenda Background and History of VDL Mode 4 –ICAO Concept –Communications in all elements –VDL Mode 4 – design drivers –VDL Mode 4 – A communication toolkit for applications –VDL Mode 4 fundamentals VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communication –Broadcast services –Point-to-Point services –Benefits Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications –A-SMGCS at Stockholm/Arlanda –Co-ordination of buses at Stockholm/Arlanda

3. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications3 ICAO Concept CNS/ATM Concept Endorsed by 10 th Air Navigation Conference (September 1991) Global ATM Operational Concept Endorsed by 11 th Air Navigation Conference (September 2003) Target date 2025 Target date 2025 Technical (equipment) Communication Navigation Surveillance Operational (applications, functions) ATFM - Air Traffic Flow Management ASM - Air Space Management ATS - Air Traffic Services C N S / ATM

4. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications4 ICAO CNS/ATM Concept SurveillanceADS Air Traffic ManagementATM ATN Communications Data Link...evolving process... NavigationGNSS

5. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications5 Communication element in all domains NS C

6. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications6 ICAO Global ATM Operational Concept Guiding Principles Safety –Highest priority Human –Essential and central role Technology –Independent and open to new technology Information –Dependent on timely, relevant, accurate and quality-assured information Collaboration –Strategic and tactical collaboration between members of the ATM community leading to dynamic and flexible decision-making Continuity –Contingency measures required Seven Concept Components Airspace organisation and management Aerodrome operations Demand and capacity balancing Traffic synchronisation Conflict management Airspace user operations ATM service delivery management How does this high level concept relate to communikation services and datalinks?

7. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications7 Significant changes based on efficient exchange of data Global information utilisation, management and interchange Change in the roles of all ATM system participants Holistic, cooperative and collaborative decision- making environment Conflict management will reduce the need for separation provision. ATM considers the 4D trajectory/intent of vehicle/aircraft during all phases of flight to achieve the optimum system outcome, with minimal deviation from user-requested flight trajectory. More efficient operation on airports (reduced runway occupancy time, safe manoeuvres in all weather conditions, intent)

8. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications8 VDL Mode 4 – Design drivers VDL Mode 4 is a system intended to support a range of CNS applications The applications that VDL Mode 4 supports are for all phases of flight from gate-to-gate and will be available to a variety of users Flexibility offers a variety of implementation options which can meet different regional requirements

9. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications9 VDL Mode 4 – A communication toolkit for applications The ICAO SARPs describe a toolkit of communications protocols that can be used for several applications ADS-B – the most important application GNSS augmentation and integrity uplink –Not standardised by ICAO –GRAS based on VDL Mode 4 is being implemented Communications –Broadcast: TIS-B, FIS-B, ATIS –Point-to-point (air-ground, air-air): CPDLC ICAO Policy restricts applicability to Surveillance –On going process to widen the applicability

10. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications10 VDL Mode 4 fundamentals Access to the datalink is distributed (i.e. supports mobile com) VHF data link for exchange of time-critical information –variety of modes for data transmission (broadcast, point-to-point) –between different users (air-air, air-ground) Robust well proven modulation scheme (GFSK), 19.2 kB/s Short timeslot TDMA system (self organising) - STDMA –synchronised to UTC Reservation protocols –Enables both ground controlled and autonomous operations

11. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications11 Agenda Background and History of VDL Mode 4 –ICAO Concept –Communications in all elements –VDL Mode 4 – design drivers –VDL Mode 4 – A communication toolkit for applications –VDL Mode 4 fundamentals VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communication –Broadcast services –Point-to-Point services –Benefits Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications –A-SMGCS at Stockholm/Arlanda –Co-ordination of apron buses at Arlanda

12. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications12 VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communications Air-Ground communication can be divided into two segments: –Broadcast communication –Point-to-Point communication ATN Services for broadcast TIS-B FIS-B Local implementations Broadcast com Point-to-Point com AOC ATS Applications for ATS communication are defined by ATN SARPs CPDLC ADS-C FIS TIME CRITICAL

13. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications13 VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communications Broadcast: –VDL Mode 4 supports Traffic Information Service – Broadcast –TIS-B should provide a complete situational awareness picture for pilots. PSR SSR Air Traffic ManagementATM TIS-B

14. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications14 VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communications Broadcast (continue…) –Flight Information Service – Broadcast (FIS-B) is also supported Makes it possible to uplink weather data to cockpit (ATIS, METAR) Additional information such as runways in use and Runway Visual Range (RVR) etc. Point-to-Point communications –Can be divided into ATS communications and AOC communications. –ATS communication applications are defined in the ATN SARPs CPDLC FIS ADS-C –VDL Mode 4 is a fully compliant subnetwork of the ATN SARPs –All ATN time critical applications are supported (i.e. CPDLC etc) This is due to the fact that all 16 prioritisation levels required by Radio Regulations are included in VDL Mode 4. –All types of AOC applications can be supported by VDL Mode 4

15. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications15 Benefits with VDL Mode 4 for Air-Ground communications –Transmission protocols enables short delays –Well developed prioritisation scheme –Spectrum effective in terms of: Low Co-Channel Interference (CCI) value (~10dB) Does not require additional frequencies to run multiple services/applications (i.e multiple ATN channels) VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communications ATN Router AOC App ATN App ATN Subnet AOC Channel ATN Channel 2ATN Channel 1 ATN Channel CPDLC ADS-C FIS Higher traffic load

16. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications16 VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communications Benefits in a wider perspective –Supports Air-to-Air communication The need for Air-to-Air capabilities for advanced time-critical and advanced applications is identified in emerging requirements by OPLINK- P and SCRSP –European Communications Strategy highlight the fact that VDL Mode 4 can be the driver for enabling advances and time-critical communication applications Flexible data link

17. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications17 Agenda Background and History of VDL Mode 4 –ICAO Concept –Communications in all elements –VDL Mode 4 – design drivers –VDL Mode 4 – A communication toolkit for applications –VDL Mode 4 fundamentals VDL Mode 4 supporting Air-Ground communication –Broadcast services –Point-to-Point services –Benefits Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications –A-SMGCS at Stockholm/Arlanda –Co-ordination of apron buses at Arlanda

18. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications18 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications A-SMGCS at Stockholm/Arlanda –Implementation to realise an operational A-SMGCS using VDL Mode 4 –Services used for A-SMGCS: ADS-B TIS-B FIS-B INFO-B GNSS augmentation –The operational introduction is set for Q1 2004

19. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications19 Runway incursion Turn Around ATC Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications

20. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications20 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications

21. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications21 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications Benefits –Positive tagging – Increased safety and security –Situational awareness – render possible cooperation between pilot and controller –Prevent runway incursions and taxing problems –Increased capacity in bad weather conditions –Shorter turn around times –Minimizes runway occupation time

22. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications22 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications Co-ordination of bus-operations at Stockholm/Arlanda –System overview INFO-B Server CNS Ground Station Airport Database Mobile unit Airport Organizer Client ADS-B Server Client

23. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications23 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications Client interface

24. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications24

25. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications25 Ongoing implementations for Air-Ground communications Benefits –ADS-B increases safety –INFO-B provides the mobile unit with missions in text which reduces the risk for misunderstandings –The Airport Organiser enables efficient planning of resources –Minimising voice communications –Statistics can be used for quantity and quality measurements –Economical due to fuel and time savings

26. VDL Mode 4 Supporting Air-Ground communications 17-19 November 2003Seminar on the Implementation of Datalink and SATCOM Communications26 Thank you for your attention!