2. Taxonomy

3. Taxonomy Taxonomy is the scientific study of how living things are classified.Taxonomy is the scientific study of how living things are classified. Each organism is given a universally accepted name.Each organism is given a universally accepted name.

4. Classification Name three things that you classify at home. 1)Clothes 2) Music 3)Collections / hobbies Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. Why do you think Biologists classify things?

5. Classification has several purposes: Easier to share information about an organism by using one standard nameEasier to share information about an organism by using one standard name Identify characteristics of an organism just by studying the groups they are placed inIdentify characteristics of an organism just by studying the groups they are placed in Manage the information they collect on the 2.5 million known speciesManage the information they collect on the 2.5 million known species

6. Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus developedLinnaeus developed Two word naming system which identifies species.Two word naming system which identifies species. First word:Genus (Capitalized) Second word:species (Lowercase) Both words should be italicized Ex/ Homo sapiens (Human) Passer domesticus (House sparrow) Canis rufus (Red wolf) Canis rufus (Red wolf)

7. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Brought order to classifying and naming species.Brought order to classifying and naming species. Classification system consists of levels.Classification system consists of levels. Each level is called a taxonEach level is called a taxon

8. More Linnaeus Morphology - basic shapeMorphology - basic shape Form - body parts (head, legs, thorax…)Form - body parts (head, legs, thorax…) Structure - bone and external supportsStructure - bone and external supports Anatomy - muscle & organsAnatomy - muscle & organs Described 1,000’s of plants & animals in:Described 1,000’s of plants & animals in: System Naturae and Species Plantarum System Naturae and Species Plantarum

9. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom—largest taxaKingdom—largest taxa Phylum—several classesPhylum—several classes Class—similar ordersClass—similar orders Order—similar familiesOrder—similar families Family—similar generaFamily—similar genera Genus—closely related speciesGenus—closely related species Species—group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.Species—group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

10. Homo Sapians Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species:Sapiens

11. Cell Organization ProkaryoteProkaryote –“Before Nucleus” –Simple organisms, –No membrane bound organelles – (cell organs) EukaryoteEukaryote –“True Nucleus” –More complex organisms –Membrane bound organelles

12. End of Day 1 Notes on Classificiation End of Day 1 Notes on Classificiation

13. Kingdom Profiles - Monera Formerly known as ProkaryotaeFormerly known as Prokaryotae all are prokaryotes - no membrane bound organellesall are prokaryotes - no membrane bound organelles Chloroplast mitochondria nucleus All are unicellular - simplest form of life (or most complex) autotrophs and heterotrophs - ingest food most are motile example - Bacillus thuringiensis 4 phyla

17. Kingdom Profiles - Protista EukaryoticEukaryotic some unicellular, most multicellularsome unicellular, most multicellular all are aquaticall are aquatic autotrophic and heterotrophic - ingest food and absorb foodautotrophic and heterotrophic - ingest food and absorb food most are motilemost are motile 16 phyla16 phyla Example: Euglena, AmoebaExample: Euglena, Amoeba

20. Kingdom Profiles - Fungi All are heterotrophic absorb food form dead or living organismsAll are heterotrophic absorb food form dead or living organisms cell walls contain chitincell walls contain chitin unicellular or multicellularunicellular or multicellular eukaryoticeukaryotic non-motilenon-motile example: mushroomsexample: mushrooms 4 phyla4 phyla

24. Kingdom Profiles - Plantae Non-motileNon-motile all are photosynthetic - autotrophicall are photosynthetic - autotrophic eukaryoticeukaryotic cell walls contain cellulosecell walls contain cellulose example: Rosesexample: Roses 12 phyla12 phyla

25. Kingdom Profile - Animalia MotileMotile ingest food - allingest food - all multicellularmulticellular no cell wallsno cell walls example: fishexample: fish 9 phyla9 phyla

26. Characteristics of living things growthgrowth developmentdevelopment respond to stimulirespond to stimuli require energy for survivalrequire energy for survival influence / change environmentinfluence / change environment metabolism (produce by-products)metabolism (produce by-products) contain carboncontain carbon adaptadapt made of cells - levels of organizationmade of cells - levels of organization contain genetic information - DNA and RNAcontain genetic information - DNA and RNA ReproduceReproduce Exchange gas with the environmentExchange gas with the environment

27. Viruses Don’t eatDon’t eat don’t reproduce outside of host assistancedon’t reproduce outside of host assistance don’t respond to the environmentdon’t respond to the environment don’t movedon’t move don’t age or die under optimal conditionsdon’t age or die under optimal conditions don’t have a metabolismdon’t have a metabolism don’t grow or developdon’t grow or develop not made of cellsnot made of cells

28. Viruses Contain organic molecules (carbon)Contain organic molecules (carbon) have genetic information - DNA or RNAhave genetic information - DNA or RNA adapt as a group (not individual)adapt as a group (not individual) influence / change host they live ininfluence / change host they live in mimic living infectionsmimic living infections have ability to replicatehave ability to replicate can be “killed” or inactivatedcan be “killed” or inactivated

33. Life or Non-Life ?