1. War of 1812

2. Anger toward Britain Issues that led to war Impressment
British practice of drafting Americans on the sea to serve in British navy

3. Anger toward Britain Grievances Against Native Americans
British support Native Americans and encouraged rebellion

4. Election of 1808
James Madison, Virginian Republican, defeated Federalist Charles Pinckney

5. The War of 1812
June 1812 President Madison sends a message to Congress to declare war against British
British interference with American rights on the high seas
"Free Trade and Sailors' Rights'' was a popular battle cry

6. The War of 1812
Northeastern Federalists regarded war with Britain as a mistake
Could not successfully challenge British supremacy on the seas
The government could not finance a war without bankrupting the country

7. The War of 1812 War was supported by a new generation of congressmen
Young Republicans that Federalists dubbed "War Hawks.''

8. The War of 1812 The American strategy called for an invasion of Canada
The attack on Canada, was a failure

9. The War of 1812
At Detroit, 2000 American troops surrendered to a much smaller British and Indian force
An attack across the Niagara River, near Buffalo, resulted in 900 American prisoners of war

10. The War of 1812
Along Lake Champlain, a third army retreated into American territory after failing to cut undefended British supply lines

11. The War of 1812
On September 10, 1813, America won a major naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie near Put-in-Bay at the western end of Lake Erie

12. War of 1812
Naval War
The U.S navy won several courageous victories in ship-to-ship battles
Captain Isacc Hull
USS Constitution (“Old Ironsides”)

13. War of 1812
Despite the powerful Royal Navy’s blockade of the American coast
U.S. ships were able to slip through and attack the enemy

14. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Napoleon is defeated
British can focus on winning war
Fleet of British troops arrive in Chesapeake Bay
4,000 troops descend on Washington D.C

15. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Why would the British target Washington as the war entered its third year?
Washington as "a meager village with a few bad houses and extensive swamps."
The American capital was nothing more than a gawky village, a mere embryo of the city it aspired to be. Only fourteen years had passed since the capital had moved from Philadelphia, and the population had grown to little more than 8,000, of whom one-sixth were slaves. The clammy expanses of its Potomac site were still almost barren and certainly bleak. Attorney General Richard Rush described Washington as "a meagre village with a few bad houses and extensive swamps."

16. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Avenge the Americans who had plundered and burned public and private buildings the year before in York (modern Toronto)
Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane, had it in mind to give the Americans "a complete drubbing." It would avenge the excesses of Americans who had plundered and burned public and private buildings the year before in York (modern Toronto), the capital of Upper Canada. Above all, seizing the capital would humiliate and demoralize Americans and, as a bonus, might even lead to the disintegration of the United States.

17. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Secretary of State James Monroe
Spying on horseback as the British advanced east of Washington, sent a scribbled note to the State Department
Told his staff to secure the precious national documents and departmental records

18. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Clerks, stuffed bags with the Declaration of Independence
The Constitution
Treaties
George Washington, historic letter resigning his commission

19. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Dolley Madison
She insisted on staying to save the portrait of the first president, which then hung on the west wall of the large dining room.

20. The Burning of Washington D.C.
Save that picture if possible!" cried Dolley Madison. "Under no circumstances allow it to fall into the hands of the British!"

21. British Attack Baltimore
Britain’s next objective was Baltimore
British had to pass the guns of Fort McHenry
British bombarded the fort
Only 4 killed, 24 wounded

22. British Attack Baltimore
Francis Scott Keys witnessed the shelling
Inspired to write the “Star Spangled Banner”

23. Treaty of Ghent December 24th, 1814
American and British negotiators sign a treaty in Ghent, Belgium
British recognize the war was costly and nothing further could be gained
Ended the War of 1812

24. Battle of New Orleans
Occurred two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed
The British outnumber the American forces by 2 to 1
American losses totaled 8 dead and 13 wounded

25. Battle of New Orleans British casualties were 2036
Allowed the Americans to end on a powerful and positive note

26. Significance of the War of 1812
Destroyed the Indians’ ability to resist American expansion east of the Mississippi
Allowed the U.S. to rewrite boundaries with Spain and solidify control over the lower Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico

27. Significance of the War of 1812
The Federalists party never recovered from its opposition to the war
A return to the prewar boundaries between United States and British territories
Recommended constitutional amendment to restrict the power of Congress to wage war

28. Daily Quiz

29. The ____ was fought after the War of 1812 had already been ended by treaty
Battle of New Orleans

30. During the War of 1812, the British invaded the United States and burnt
the United States capital

31. The War of 1812 ended with
a return to the prewar boundaries between United States and British territories

32. Battle of Horseshoe Bend

33. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
The Creek Indians occupied a hundred-acre section of land in the U-shaped bend of the Tallapoosa River
Andrew Jackson led US troops into battle

34. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
39th U.S. Infantry and Tennessee militia, proved successful after a brief, but severe, contest
Creeks found themselves being attacked from the front and behind

35. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
800 warriors perished
Most devastating defeat of Native Americans in North American history

36. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
After the defeat at Horseshoe Bend, bands of starving Creeks surrendered themselves
In August 1814, the Treaty of Fort Jackson forced the Creeks to forfeit over 20,000,000 acres of land to the United States

37. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Within five years white settlers overran the region and the state of Alabama was formed
The demise of the Creek Nation had begun

40. Questions for Map 1
1. Use Map 1 to make a list of towns and waterways that have Indian names and a second list of places that have European names. Be aware that Peter McQueen's is actually an Indian town, one named after a Creek trader who had an English father.
2. What do the major Creek sites have in common? Why might the Creek have been chosen these sites for settlements?
3. How are the European sites located in relation to the Creek ones? Why do you think this might have been so?
4. Find and underline Burnt Corn Creek, Pensacola, Mobile, Ft. Mims, Ft. Jackson, Horseshoe Bend, and the Tallapoosa and Coosa Rivers. Each of these places was important in the events associated with the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

42. Questions for Drawing
1. Which of the barricades elements would have made it part of an effective defense?
2. Would such a fortification be effective today?
3. Which elements would modern technology render useless? What parts would still work?

43. Questions for Map 2
1. Would the Horseshoe Bend peninsula, particularly the area labeled "Tohopeka Village," provide a good defensive position for the Creek in case of attack? Why or why not?