1. Vowels A letter of the alphabet that represents a speech sound created through a free passage of the larynx and oral cavity. a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y

2. Graph one letter making one sound. tgl

3. Digraph two letters making one sound. chshoong

4. Trigraph three letters making one sound. ighour

5. Consonants b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

6. Short Vowels ‘a’ as in ant ‘e’ as in egg ‘i’ as in ink ‘o’ as in old ‘u’ as in up

7. Long Vowels ‘a’ as in ate ‘e’ as in even ‘i’ as in ice-cream ‘o’ as in oval ‘u’ as in unit

8. Split Digraphs The last vowel letter ‘e’ influences the sound of the previous vowel, this is often called the ‘bossy e or magic e’ because it changes the other vowel’s sound from a short to a long vowel sound. a_e as in cake i_e as in time o_e as in nose u_e as in tube

9. Alternative Vowel Spelling When the long vowel sound is at the end of the word, you add a ‘y’. dayflytoy

10. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘ai’ sound. aisnailraintraina_ecakesnakewhale aymayhayplay

11. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘ee’ sound. eesheepteethbeekeep eateabeakbeanseal

12. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘ie’ sound. iepietielieyskyflyighnightrightlight i_etimekitelike

13. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘oa’ sound. oagoatfloatboat owthrowslowsnowo_ethoseroserose

14. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘ue’ sound. u_ecubetubetune uestatuebluerescue ewfewnewstew

15. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘er’ sound. erlettersisterdinnerirgirlfirstshirt urhurtturnpurse

16. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘or’ sound. orforkshorthorse auAutumnAugustpauseawpawprawnstraw

17. Alternative Vowel Spelling The ‘oi’ sound. oioilpointcoinoytoyboyenjoy