1. NEXT Hernando de Soto along the Mississippi River, 1541. Contact and European Explorations 1450–1730 Spanish, French, and English land in the Americas seeking wealth. They try to establish colonies in North America with varying success.

2. NEXT Contact and European Explorations 1450–1730 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 Spanish Explorations in North America French Explorations in North America Early English Colonies in North America

3. NEXT Section 1 Spanish Explorations in North America Europeans, in their quest for better trade routes, land in the Americas.

4. NEXT Why Exploration? Spanish Explorations in North America Renaissance Spurs Trade European Renaissance, 1300s to 1600, boosts interest in art, learning Renaissance begins in Italy, changes learning, religion, trade Trade mainly between Europe and Asia; use eastern land route Merchants propose search for shorter, more profitable sea route SECTION 1

5. NEXT Finding a Water Route to Asia SECTION 1 An Accidental Discovery Portuguese explorers try to sail around Africa to Asia Vasco da Gama succeeds in 1497 Christopher Columbus thinks he can sail west across Atlantic to Asia Columbus finds Americas instead; Spain’s wealth, power increase Map

6. NEXT SECTION 1 Conquistadors Conquistadors are conquerors, seek to take over existing cultures Do not want to live peacefully with natives; win with better weapons European diseases kill millions of Native Americans Coronado, de Soto, Cabrillo expeditions each seek “cities of gold” Gold never found, treasure stolen from natives, Spain grows richer Other European nations begin exploring Americas Spanish Explorers in the New World Continued...

7. NEXT SECTION 1 Spanish Explorers in Florida Juan Ponce de León on Columbus’s second voyage, stays in Caribbean Brutally conquers natives in Puerto Rico, becomes governor Explores Florida coasts, seeks “fountain of youth,” never finds it Discovers Gulf Stream—powerful ocean currents Gulf Stream flows north along eastern U.S., then east toward Europe Spanish use Gulf Stream to speed journeys back to Spain continued Spanish Explorers in the New World

8. NEXT SECTION 1 Lucas Vásquez de Allyón Vásquez de Allyón tries to set up Spanish settlement on east coast First attempt in North Carolina; swamp, insects send him south Establishes San Miguel Guadalupe settlement off Georgia coast -lasts less than year; Vásquez de Allyón and most settlers die -survivors leave for Hispaniola Other Explorations in the Southeast

9. NEXT Hernando De Soto in Georgia SECTION 1 De Soto’s Route Through Georgia Hernando de Soto enters southwest corner of Georgia in 1540 Native Americans provide food; de Soto goes northeast into Carolinas -first European expedition to cross Appalachian Mountains May have reentered Georgia into Chiefdom of Coosa Some historians disagree, believe de Soto went straight to Alabama Map

10. NEXT De Soto’s Conflicts with Native Americans SECTION 1 De Soto and the Coosa De Soto cruel to Native Americans, captures Coosa chief Southeastern native groups angered, try to destroy expedition Massacre fails, 2,500–3,000 Native Americans killed in attempt De Soto heads west but dies soon after, possibly from battle injuries Continued...

11. NEXT SECTION 1 De Soto and the Coosa Only 300 of de Soto’s men survive the expedition Return to Spain penniless; no gold or riches found in Southeast Natives suspicious of Europeans after de Soto - blame explorers for exposure to European diseases Other Spanish explorers focus efforts in Mexico, South America continued De Soto’s Conflicts with Native Americans

12. NEXT SECTION 1 St. Augustine 1565, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés tries to keep French out of Florida Defeats French, builds St. Augustine fort not far from Georgia A Spanish Colony Spanish Missions in Georgia Missions—small settlements built around church—along Atlantic coast Purposes: convert natives to Christianity, keep French off coast Guale mission district covers Outer Coastal Plain, barrier islands Spanish control coast and southern Georgia for over 100 years

13. NEXT SECTION 1 Competition for Land Spain controls much of Americas by 1700 Most successful in South America, Central America, Mexico -Spain claims lands, fortunes of Aztec and Inca empires Other Europeans interested in wealth of new lands Spanish Claims in the Americas

14. NEXT The French try to establish colonies in what is now Georgia and nearby Florida, but are unsuccessful. Section 2 French Explorations in North America

15. NEXT Jean Ribault French Explorations in North America Early Settlers France hopes to gain riches, freedom by peaceful colonization Sends Jean Ribault in 1562 to establish colony on Atlantic coast -travels with Lieutenant René de Laudonnière, 150 settlers Settlers are Huguenots—French Protestants wanting religious freedom Huguenots hope to bring religion to North America SECTION 2 Continued...

16. NEXT A Failed Attempt by Ribault Ribault lands in Florida, goes north, builds fort in South Carolina Ribault, de Laudonnière must return to France for supplies French religious war prevents aid; Ribault asks England for help Queen Elizabeth jails Ribault until 1565; colonists return to France SECTION 2 continued Jean Ribault

17. NEXT René de Laudonnière Fort Caroline René de Laudonnière, 304 Huguenots return to Florida, 1564 Group builds Fort Caroline near present-day Jacksonville De Laudonnière friendly with natives until supplies run out Some colonists lose faith in leadership, turn to piracy De Laudonnière, colony wait for France to help SECTION 2

18. NEXT France Abandons the Southeast Conflict with Spain Ribault released from prison, sent to rescue Fort Caroline Spain’s King Phillip II angered by French in Florida territories -sends Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, warships to defeat colony 500 men destroy Fort Caroline; Ribault killed -de Laudonnière wounded; escapes, writes history of event -France ends colonization of southeastern North America SECTION 2

19. NEXT French Claims New France English settle coast of North America; France explores interior By late 1600s French claim Ohio, Mississippi valleys; Great Lakes French Louisiana runs from Appalachians to Rockies New France colony has 80,000 people by 1760 French control most land in interior of North America SECTION 2

20. Section 3 Early English Colonies in North America The English have different plans for settlement that enable them to be successful in North America. NEXT

21. Spain Loses Power Early English Colonies in North America Conflict between Spain and England Catholic Spain, Protestant England clash over religion Spain attempts to remove England’s Queen Elizabeth I English navy defeats powerful Spanish Armada (1588) -England remains Protestant, Spain no longer major power English challenges Spanish claims in North America SECTION 3

22. NEXT Conditions in England SECTION 3 Colonies a Solution Poor conditions in England: cities overcrowded, food shortages Colonization seen as solution to overcrowding, boost to economy Colonies become market for English exports; provider of raw materials England increases its trade, builds supply of gold Transfer of wealth from colony to parent country called mercantilism Economic theory based on geographer Richard Hakluyt’s ideas Chart

23. NEXT England’s First Attempts SECTION 3 The Roanoke Colonies Sir Walter Raleigh funds colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (1585) Food supplies run out; survivors return to England the next year Second try at Roanoke colony in 1587; John White named governor White goes to England for supplies, returns in 1590; colonists gone Few clues to their disappearance; historians have theories: -colonists may have joined nearby tribes, or relocated and died

24. NEXT A Colony at Jamestown SECTION 3 Financing a Colony English learn that one person cannot finance entire colony Joint-stock companies formed to raise money for projects -investors back company, receive stock shares, split profits or losses Virginia Companies of London, Plymouth obtain charters in 1606 -charters—written contracts giving holder rights to set up colony Continued...

25. NEXT A Difficult First Year Virginia Company of London sets up Jamestown in 1607; 100 colonists Climate, malaria, inefficiency take toll, 38 alive January, 1608 John Smith has wall built around colony, trades food with Powhatans Colony survives, 800 more colonists arrive in 1609 continued A Colony at Jamestown Continued... SECTION 3 Image

26. NEXT Tobacco Changes Jamestown John Rolfe develops easy-growing tobacco; popular in England Virginia Company offers 50 acres to those who can pay own passage Indentured servants—sell labor to person who pays their passage -work for set number of years, then free to set up own farm or trade First enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619 Population of colony 2,000 by 1621 continued A Colony at Jamestown SECTION 3

27. NEXT Other Early English Colonies SECTION 3 Southern Colonies fight Spanish Carolina founded 1663, Charles Town (later Charleston) in 1670 Charles Town becomes Huguenot refuge in 1685 English use trails through Georgia to raid Spanish forts in Florida Spanish attack Charles Town but are defeated, retreat to Florida Creek trade with English, fight tribes who side with Spain

28. NEXT The Yamasee War SECTION 3 Unfair Trade Causes War France, Spain lose power, England dominates trade in colonies English hold monopoly—control prices of all goods, supplies Native Americans cheated; Yamasee tribe leads uprising (1715) Other tribes join; traders killed; settlers flee to Charles Town English regroup, push Yamasee to Florida; Creek retreat to Alabama

29. NEXT Plans for a Georgia Colony SECTION 3 Margravate of Azilia English want Carolina plantations protected, fear Spanish in Florida Need to colonize land between Spanish Florida, English Carolina Scottish nobleman Sir Robert Montgomery proposes colony 1717, Margravate of Azilia colony planned in present-day Georgia Charter lost 3 years later; English wary of dangers of settling land Azilia Is Not Forgotten By 1730, English government acts to create a new colony at Azilia

30. This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button.

31. BACK Print Slide Show 1. On the File menu, select Print 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline 4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation Print Text Version 1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open in Adobe Acrobat 2. On the File menu, select Print 3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or select the pages you want to print Print Text