1. Astrium Space Transportation TMI Dr. Stephan Walther
Experiences with performed and
expectations on future ISTC projects
ISTC / STCU Conference
Ljubljana, Slovenia March 10-12, 2008
Astrium Space Transportation TMI Dr. Stephan Walther

2. Contents
Overview to ISTC / STCU projects:
Performed: Inflatable Reentry and Descent Technology
Performed: Reusable Multi-layer Thermal Protection Systems
Current: In-orbit Demonstration of a Gossamer Structure
Current: EXPERT
Ongoing: Robotics for Security
Experiences / Lessons learnt
“Environmental” changes
Expectations on the future ISTC / STCU projects

3. IRDT Technology and History
3800
Height : 2037
IRDT Technology and History
Lightweight inflatable system combining heatshield, parachute & landing system
developed by LA/ Babakin Space Center for Mars 96 mission
Adaptable for reentry and landing on Earth
1st IRDT test flight in Feb confirmed basic technology feasibility
2nd test flight with enhanced system design under orbital entry conditions launched July 2002: no activation
IRDT-2 reflight performed on ; non-nominal landing site, reception of TM data for trajectory reconstruction

4. Lavochkin/EADS Astrium
Application Opportunities based on IRDT
Roskosmos
Lavochkin
ESA
European
Development
Mars
Cooperation
Lavochkin/EADS Astrium
IRT-System Study (1)ESA
IRT-Technology Study (2) ESA
ESA Mars Mission Preparation Studies
IRDT-1: ESA, ISTC 2000
IRDT-2: ESA, ISTC 2002
IRDT-2R: ESA, ISTC 2005

5. IRDT-2R - A Reflight
Reflight of IRDT-2 with the goal to validate the performance and functionality of the Russian Inflatable Technology:
IRDT-2R total Mass at landing 140 kg
Reduced Sensor Package, data on-board storage for data retrieval
Design Re-entry conditions at 100 km altitude for the Demonstrator (7000 m/sec; -6° entry angle)
Design Reentry Environment: Dynamic Pressure >5000 Pa; Peak Heatflux at the surface of the inflatable envelope > 400 kW/m2; total heat input > 13 MJ/m2
Transfer of data to ground before landing, that are necessary for reconstruction of trajectory
Stored measurement data shall be recoverable after landing
Operational lifetime of Recovery Equipment of the Demonstrator shall include recovery activities up to 48 hours

6. IRDT-2R Major Changes to Precursor Flights
Responsibility of Launcher Payload Compartment (PC) design and D-2R Launcher Interface moved to Makeev
Complete new design of the D-2R to Volna launcher mounting I/F
Launcher Separation Mechanism Redesign
Protective Cover Compartment redesign
New design of Avionics compartment
Implementation of Telemetry (TM) Function to receive data on ground before landing for the reconstruction of the trajectory
TM: new antenna design inside a rigid TPS nose cone
Autonomous Radio Telemetry System (ARTS): Data Memory and dump required
Avionic SW: Updates for the System SW required
GS additional equipment for quicklook flight data processing to support search activities
New beacon antenna designs to support the search operations
Implementation of Glonass / GPS System

7. IRDT-2R Programmatics Major Project Milestones RR/PDR 1.-4. April 2003
CDR / Expert Working Groups
QFAR
Final Inspection and FRR (Murmansk)
Initial LRR (Murmansk / Kluchi, Kamtchatka)
Launch date
Industrial Consortium:
EADS-Astrium ST prime
Lavochkin Sub
Makeev Sub/sub

8. IRDT Configuration (stowed)
Equipment Container
IBU Envelope (stowed)
Science Package
IBU Filling System
Equipment Container
Shock-absorber
(non-cocked)
Housekeeping Equipment
Aerodynamic Shield

9. IRDT-2R Configuration (deployed)
IBU Additional Part
IBU Main Part
Thermal Protection Blanket
Aerodynamic Shield
Equipment Container
Shock-absorber (cocked)

10. IRDT-2R Mission Profile
1 – Take off of «Volna» LV, Barentz Sea
9 – Spin-up of D-2R
2 – Separation of 1-st stage
10 – Arming of the EC, platform separation
3 – Ignition of PS of 2-nd stage
11 – Beginning of inflation of D-2R MIBD
4 – Separation of 2-nd stage
12 – Re-entry, (100 km)
5 – Ignition of PS of 3-rd stage
13 – Aerobraking
6 – Venting of pressure from the PC
14 – Deployment of D-2R AIBD (13 km)
7 – Separation of PC cover
15 – Landing of the D-2R, Kamtchatka
8 – Separation of D-2R

11. IRDT-2R - Conclusion Major achievements: Successful launch with Volna
Due to the major design modifications and related extensive additional qualification work and a launcher failure of the Volna launcher the launch date had to be shifted to end of 2005
Major achievements:
Successful launch with Volna
Correct separation from Volna -> newly designed launcher I/F worked properly
Reception of TM data before and after black out phase
From TM data a proper inflation of the MIBD can be expected
From the trajectory reconstruction it can be expected that the maximum heat flux was reached, but on the way to the point of maximum deceleration a non-nominal behavior of the inflatable occured

12. Project: Gossamer Structures IN-ORBIT DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENT WITH INFLATABLE AND RIGIDIZABLE STRUCTURES
Cooperation between EADS Astrium ST and Lavochkin Association
Project #2835 => technology development; funded by Astrium-ST
Project #2836 => flight test ; funded by ISTC
Timeframe:

13. Tests of panel in the VC-48 Technical Requirements
Project #2835 => technology development
Funded by Astrium-ST => completed in July 2006
Deployment & rigidization tests performed in Lavockin vacuum chamber
( Deployment control system to be improved )
Tests of panel in the VC-48
Name of Parameters
Technical Requirements
Actual argument
Eigenfrequency of the structure
The first mode of the IRIS shall be at a frequency higher than 0.5 Hz
0,625 Hz
Maximal deviation from the theoretical panel plane
The sag of any point of the deployed IRIS shall be lower than 150mm relatively to the theoretical plane
27mm
Presence of folds
No slack area in the membrane
No folds

14. Project #2836 => flight test
LAVOCHKIN
ASSOCIATION
Flight test
mission profile

15. Flight testing of generic demonstrator
Project #2836 => flight test
LAVOCHKIN
ASSOCIATION
Flight testing of generic demonstrator
(deployment & rigidization in space)
Flight funded by ISTC
2 generic demonstrators (compatible with ULS “IOE” specifications – ESA funded TRP project ) funded by ISTC using the solvant evaporation rigidization technique => designed & manufactured by Lavochkin

16. flight test preparation final selection of flight test configuration
Project #2836
flight test preparation
final selection of flight test configuration
passenger on Soyuz Fregat launch in 2008
TASK 5
In-orbit
experiments
(measurements,
ground control
& support)
CDR2
TASK 4
In launcher accommodation &
insertion into the orbit
CDR
TASK 3
Manufacturing &
testing of flight
models
TASK 2
PDR
Demonstrator models ground tests
TASK 1
Designing of the flight
Demonstrator
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

17. Project: Reusable Multi-layer Thermal Protection Systems
Cooperation between EADS Astrium ST/NGL, ESA and Yuzhnoye
Project #3567 (STCU)
Objective:Yuzhnoye SDO develops a metal multi-layer thermal protection system (TPS) for reusable spacecraft to protect the spacecraft surfaces when heated to not more than 1100ºC
Timeframe:
Resumee:
Good results by analysis and investigations by Yuzhnoye;
further activities should become part of the joint activities towards future reusable launcher systems

18. Project: Robotics for Security
ISTC Project # 3711
Russian State Scientific Center for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics, St.Petersburg
Collaborators:
EADS Astrium ST
LAAS, France
Joint Research Centre; Italy
Sapienza. S.L.,Spain
Objective:
There is a significant demand to improve the available security equipment by high levels of autonomy, robustness and dependability, adaptability, modularity, application of microsystems, and user friendliness
Proceeding: The environment and security range of concerns will be discussed with the relevant institutions and in close contact/cooperation with the user the selection of needed equipment with the respectively requirements have to be defined commonly to agree on the specifications for the developments
Schedule:
Status:
First progress meeting took place in Germany in Nov 2007
Promising activities

19. Lessons learnt & recommendation (1 / Gossamer)
Lessons learnt /experience :
Interesting technical achievements concerning materials & technologies developments
Test means available at Lavochkin Association allow to perform the whole range of tests in view of a flight test preparation
Positive support from Roscosmos in view of the flight test preparation
Recommendations
Need for regular progress meetings ( quarterly ) to check work progress and update the work plan when needed, depending on results achieved
The experience achieved for the ISTC funded flight test preparation is a good background in view of the flight testing of technologies developed by Astrium-ST (both under internal fundings and on ESA fundings – TRP Program )
A common meeting ESA / Roscosmos / Astrium-ST / Lavochkin after ISTC flight completion would be a good opportunity to prepare further cooperation

20. Lessons learnt & recommendations (2 /IRDT)
Close monitoring of activities necessary, involves also higher resources for this purpose
Direct access to sub-cos important, key players should be directly contracted (e.g. Makeev as launcher provider and operations responsible in case of IRDT-2R)
Reviews/Meetings take longer, expectations have to be clearly communicated in advance and the common understanding has to be ensured
It has to be acknowledged that the Russian standard approach for projects differs from the ESA environment (reviews not necessarily known to Russian industry as usually hold within ESA projects)
The will to learn from each other and the standard practices has to be there on both sides, adaptation towards compromises to fit within both environments ESA/ Russian industry have to be taken. This can also be a very fruitful experience.
Emphasis has to be put on testing, as analysis documentation is not that easy achievable and in Russian industry not necessarily the standard way forward as used to in an ESA environment

21. Lessons learnt & recommendations (3 / IRDT / general)
A lot of know how in research and development in technologies like materials and processes is available in Russia from the past
The development approach differs from western approach drastically; Russia prefers more test activities than analyses
It has to be clearly agreed on contractually which information, data and results will be accessible for the western European partners
Uncertainties in handling of IPR Intellectual Property Rights on both sides with the tendency of more restricted
Some Russian space industries were and are not interested in ISTC projects

22. What has changed in the meantime?
Political and economical self-confidence strongly increasing in Russia
Political situation/trend not predictable
Russian GDP Gross Domestic Product is growing at 6-7 % per year
The Federal Space Budget has been increased and has been doubled in the last three years (FSA budget in 2007 is about 800 mEUR / ESA 3 bnEUR / NASA 14 bn$)
Half of the money to the Russian space industry by space commercial activities
Russia actively explores new markets in China, India, South Korea and Brazil
Restructuring of the Russian industry in various clusters of companies is at various stages; privatization is envisaged to be finished in 2010
Ground infrastructure / facilities has to be improved significantly
Demand for young engineers in the Russian space industry
Harmonization of international management style and project performance

23. Expectations on future ISTC/STCU projects
Adaptation of the ISTC/STCU rules to current environment/trends
Implementation of single ISTC/STCU projects into long term programs and perspectives in the relevant agencies planning
From European financing/investment into industrial/institutional partnership; ROI; to establish “win-win situations”
Future joint projects by clear commitments of all parties/partners