1. Gender Perspectives in Introduction to Regulation Gender Module #1 ITU Workshops on Sustainability in Telecommunication Through Gender & Social Equality

2. Presentation #3: The New/Emerging Regulatory Structure

3. Outline Key Concepts Key Concepts Accountability, efficiency, inclusion, openness, professionalism, transparency, independence, fairness Accountability, efficiency, inclusion, openness, professionalism, transparency, independence, fairness Vectors Driving Emerging Structure Vectors Driving Emerging Structure Emerging Institutional Arrangements Emerging Institutional Arrangements What does the new regulatory structure look like? What does the new regulatory structure look like? Specific Regulatory Models Specific Regulatory Models Single/multi-sector regulators, collegial commissions Single/multi-sector regulators, collegial commissions Implications for Gender/Diversity Practice Implications for Gender/Diversity Practice

4. Key Concepts Inclusion Inclusion Accountability Accountability Efficiency Efficiency Openness Openness Professionalism Professionalism Transparency Transparency Independence Independence Fairness Fairness

5. Vectors Impacting New Structure Market-Based Policies: Application of market- based economic models that require competition in telecom with few, if any, limitations Market-Based Policies: Application of market- based economic models that require competition in telecom with few, if any, limitations Efficiency: Streamlined, timely procedures for managing resources; co-ordinated services that avoid duplication Efficiency: Streamlined, timely procedures for managing resources; co-ordinated services that avoid duplication Competitiveness: Ability to compete successfully in the marketplace Competitiveness: Ability to compete successfully in the marketplace

6. What does the emerging structure look like?

7. Emerging Regulatory Structure Responsible Body Regulatory Authority (regulators) Goals To establish broad policy objectives Goals To implement broad policy objectives Goals To supply telecom and IT services Function Regulation Responsible Body Government (bureaucrats) Responsible Body Semi-/Private Corporations (common carriers, IT entrepreneurs) Function Policy-making Function Network Operation Telecom's Sector under Market-Based Model* * Driving force behind structuration of sector is technological convergence and market-based economic theory.

8. Specific Regulatory Models Single regulator: Regulatory body headed by a single director-general; Single regulator: Regulatory body headed by a single director-general; Collegial commissions: Quasi-judicial boards or commissions led by a chairman but functioning as a collegial body; Collegial commissions: Quasi-judicial boards or commissions led by a chairman but functioning as a collegial body; Multi-sector regulators: Regulate telecom and other industries with shared legal and economic traits. Multi-sector regulators: Regulate telecom and other industries with shared legal and economic traits. What are the pros/cons for gender of the new/emerging regulatory structure/models? What are the pros/cons for gender of the new/emerging regulatory structure/models?

9. Pros and Cons Single Regulators Single Regulators Collegial Bodies Collegial Bodies Multi-Sector Regulators Multi-Sector Regulators Quicker, more decisive action Quicker, more decisive action Checks & balances Checks & balances Collegial support Collegial support Less cohesion if large Less cohesion if large Part-time members Part-time members Less susceptible to capture by regulated companies Less susceptible to capture by regulated companies Reduce risk of industry capture Reduce risk of industry capture Increase risk of capture by dominant industry player Increase risk of capture by dominant industry player

10. Implications of new regulatory model for gender equality & diversity practice…

11. Questions What are the challenges to and opportunities for gender equality, diversity practice, inclusion within the new and emerging frameworks? What are the challenges to and opportunities for gender equality, diversity practice, inclusion within the new and emerging frameworks? What are the ways in which they might help / hinder inclusion, equality, access, democratisation, openness? What are the ways in which they might help / hinder inclusion, equality, access, democratisation, openness? For whom and at what levels? For whom and at what levels?