1. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Lecture 9
Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN)

2. A Quick Glance To History of Transmission

3. Voice Communication Over An Analog Telephone Network

4. Voice and Data Communication over an Analog Telephone Network

5. Analog and Digital Services over the Telephone Network

6. Integrated Digital Network (IDN)

7. ISDN
Digital Pipes : TDM channels with very high transmission speed with one or two pairs of copper wires
ISDN incorporates all communication connections in a home or building into a single interface

8. ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) was developed by ITU-T in 1976
The purpose of the ISDN is to provide fully integrated digital services to the users
It is a set of protocols that combines digital telephony & data transfer/transport services
The whole idea is to digitize the telephone network to permit the transmission of audio, video, images & text over existing telephone lines

9. It is an effort to standardize subscriber services & provide usage of internet services over it
The Goal of ISDN is to form a wide area network that provides universal end-to-end connectivity over digital media
And, this can be done by integrating all of the separate transmission services into one without adding new links or subscriber lines.

10. Definition of ISDN
An integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) is a communication technology that combines digital telephony & data transport services. The idea is to digitize the telephone network to allow the transmission of audio(like voice etc), video, images & text over existing telephone lines.

11. Types of ISDN Narrowband ISDN
uses data transmission speed upto 64 kbps using circuit switching technology
Narrowband ISDN provides 144kbps and 2.048Mbps data rates.
Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)
It supports very high data rate (in range of 100 mbps)
It uses packet switching orientation
It uses 2B/1Q digital coding
It uses Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology
Broadband ISDN provides Mbps and Mbps data rates.

12. ISDN User Interface
Given figure is a conceptual view of the ISDN from a user or customer point of view.
User has access to ISDN via a local interface to a digital pipe.
Pipes of various sizes are available to satisfy different needs. Each pipe may contain 1 or two twisted pair of wires.
Pipe to the user’s premises has a fixed capacity but the traffic on the pipe may be a variable mix up to the capacity limit.
ISDN requires control signals to instruct how to sort out the time multiplexed data and provide the required services.

13. Control signals are multiplexed onto the same digital pipe.
A user may employ less than the maximum capacity of the pipe and will be charged according to the capacity used.
Figure shows ISDN user interface example.

14. Figure : Conceptual View of ISDN Connections

15. ISDN

16. Objectives of ISDN
The objectives of the activities for developing a worldwide ISDN are:
Standardization
Transparency
Separation of competitive functions
Leased and switched services
Cost related tariffs
Smooth migration
Multiplexed support

17. Standardization
To provide access to the network.
Movable ISDN-standard equipment and use of layered protocol.
To allow users to select equipment from multiple suppliers.
Transparency
Digital transmission service is independent of the contents of data.
Users can develop new applications and protocols.
User provided encryption methods can be employed simply.

18. Separation of competitive functions
ISDN does not preclude competitive functions from basic ones.
Some countries desire certain enhanced services be offered competitively (e.g. videotex, electronic mail).
Leased and switched services
ISDN should provide both leased and switched services.
To allow users to optimize on the basis of cost and performance.
Cost-related tariff
One type of service does not subsidize others.
Price distinctions related to the cost of providing specific performance and functional characteristics of a service.

19. Smooth migration
ISDN evolution must coexist with existing equipment and services specific capabilities required: pre-ISDN terminals to interface to ISDN inter-network protocols and protocol converters.
Multiplexed support
Accommodating user-owned PBX and LAN equipment.

20. Benefits of ISDN
The principle benefits of ISDN to the customers can be expressed in terms of cost saving, flexibility and speed.
Integrated voice and data means that the user does not have to buy multiple services to meet multiple needs.
Access charges are made to a single access line only.
Purchasing services based on actual needs.
Product diversity, low price and wide availability of equipment.

22. Figure : User Network Interface
Specialized storage and information processing centers
ISDN
Others
Single ISDN terminal
PBX LAN, private network
Multiple ISDN terminal Installation