1. Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future Strategies Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 1rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

2. August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com2 Organisational OSH poliy and programmes Design criteria Person

3. Accident Theory August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com3 “Industrial Accident Prevention” Social Environment and Ancestry Fault of the Person (Carelessness) Unsafe Act or Condition Accident Injury MISTAKES OF PEOPLE

4. Swiss Cheese Accident Models August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com4

5. Influence creating factors August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com5

6. Brownian movement of accidents August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com6

7. Objective of the lecture understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com7

8. Objective of the programme Disaster reduction Response Prevention/ /mitigation Preparedness August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 8rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

9. Risk Assessment PRODUCTIVITY SAFETY QUALITY = PROFITS PROCESS August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com9

10. Integral cycle for safety STEP 1: Identification of Hazards STEP 2: Assessment of Risks STEP 3: Decide Control Measures STEP 4: Implementation of Control Measures STEP 5: Monitoring and Review August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com10

11. Fish bone model August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com11

12. Evolution in Indian system Institutions and Regulations Existing Monitoring, enforcement is on Participatory and self evaluation approach has started August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 12rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

13. We suggest the model on the left for action plan Preparedness Response Safe Society 1. Prepardness : includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on- site and off-site emergency plans, Engineering change/modification for prevention and mitigation ISO’s, OSHAS, Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, 2. Response: Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills These can be enhanced by Training, awareness building measures and integration with business continuity programme 1. Prepardness : includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on- site and off-site emergency plans, Engineering change/modification for prevention and mitigation ISO’s, OSHAS, Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, 2. Response: Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills These can be enhanced by Training, awareness building measures and integration with business continuity programme August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 13rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

14. Prepardness : Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on-site and off-site emergency plans, ISO’s, OSHAS, compliance of the laws, engineering modification Strengthening the regulators by knowledge upgradation to meet the challenges Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, for cadre development August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 14rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

15. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 15rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

16. Hazards and Risks in industries LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 16rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

17. Causality chain Emission Environmental distribution Exposure Effects MODELLING or MONITORING August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 17rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

18. Types of Emissions Continuous emissions Intermittent emissions Peak emissions Block emissions August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 18rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

19. Spatial scales Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 19rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

20. Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 20rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

21. Protection layers for disaster free society Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness Dialogue with local govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation, August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 21rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

22. Response Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills Compliance of regulations August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 22rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

23. Response R ecognize A void I solate N otify R ecognize A void I solate N otify What can I do August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 23rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

24. Response mechanism should governed by following 4 Don’ts The 4 Don’ts Don’t become a victim Don’t rush in Don’t assume anything Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat, Smell, Touch) August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 24rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

25. Preparedness + Response have base Elimin ation Substi tution Engineering control administrative August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 25rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

26. Administrative and technical control Worst example of regulatory compliance Best example for regulatory compliance August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 26rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

27. Administrative and engineering Engineering way No engineering arrangements for storing August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 27rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

28. Administrative /Engineering failure August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 28rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

29. Engineering control Scrubers August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 29rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

30. Engineering control Yellow hood is the suction for toxic gas engeeniering control The wall towards disc end will limit the impact zones due to explosion or fire August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 30rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

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32. Not good practice One worker is having SCBA and other is not in reposnse of toxic gas release August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura rakeshddubey@hotmail.com32

33. Good practice Both workers are having SCBA and for victim they are taking care for compressed air August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 33rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

34. Excercise August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 34rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

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37. Thanks August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura 37rakeshddubey@hotmail.com