1. ‘ Ideas for Using Podcast and Vodcast Technologies in Language Classroom’ K.Neelaveni

2. What is a podcast? What is a podcast? a digitally recorded audio and sometimes a digitally recorded audio and sometimes video file available on the Internet video file available on the Internet To download to a personal audio player To download to a personal audio player ( an MP3 Player). ( an MP3 Player).

3. How does a podcast have an edge over other media? How does a podcast have an edge over other media? a) because we are in control of what we listen to when we listen to it and how we listen to it b) A means to share our audio content with a focused audience c) A media that can be created on our own

4. How are podcasts advantageous in education? How are podcasts advantageous in education? personalised learning material flexibility of learning (any time any place) learning at ones' own pace repetitive listening less strenuous

5. How can podcasts aid in teaching English? exposure to authentic language exposure to pronunciation and accent. content for listening comprehension customised teaching of vocabulary through small corpora concordancing grammatical structures through small corpora linguistic nuances in Group Discussions and Presentations through audio and video samples Mock interviews

6. How can Podcasts give exposure to authentic Language? How can Podcasts give exposure to authentic Language? through audio and video recordings of : talk shows, stories, tourist guides, news items shows on the launch of a new product subject-related texts radio and television interviews on hot and debatable current issues.

7. How can Podcasts provide Pronunciation and accent? How can Podcasts provide Pronunciation and accent? pre-recorded pronunciation of individual words neutralising accent by showing the difference bet general utterance (due to MT tongue influence) and correct accent through constant exposure to texts customised to the needs of the students.

8. Examples of Pronunciation & Word Stress 'judge uni'versity 'cucumber 'student 'gorgeous gi'gantic

9. How can Podcasts aid the Teaching of Vocabulary? Provide customised, ready to use vocabulary lessons by giving Pronunciation of the word Dictionary meaning and Provide instances of contextual use through concordances from small corpora

10. What is the approach to teach vocabulary and grammar? Content based, data driven learning or small corpora concordancing

11. What is content based Teaching? examples taken from subject-related texts to demonstrate how language is used in the context of the specialised subjects. makes the students familiar to language used in their own textual environment

12. What is data driven learning? is a study of vast databases of English text which gives: i) concordances. (a collection of all the occurrences of a word, each in its own textual environment )‏ ii) samples of isolated grammatical patterns in authentic language.

13. What is the rationale for Data Driven Learning? the emphasis is on consciousness raising activities (drawing the learner's attention to syntactic patterns of the target language) learner's own discovery of rules, principles and patterns of usage

14. Why use concordances? Teacher-invented exercises can often become contrived and artificial. Concordance-based material "assures that contexts are always real ones. Concordancing approach facilitates inductive learning.

15. Advantages of using concordance demonstrates usage of words in their context enables the user to visualise text features the contexts are always real. makes the student familiar with language used in their own textual environment facilitates inductive learning this enables lrng. transferable to real world situations

16. Example: Perceive Pronunciation: p si:v Accent : p 'si:v Meaning : understand Synonyms : understand, sense signal touch, smell, appreciate, apprehend, believe, behold,comprehend, conceive, conceptualize, consider, contemplate detect, figure out, glimpse, infer, make out

17. Examples of concordances We are born with the ability to perceive different smells. But then the eye begins dimly to perceive one or two features. That, at least, is how the market perceives IBM's ailing rival, Apple Computer… For example, pregnant women may initially perceive the fetus as a foreign object, but This eg.is near enough to our experience so that we can perceive the differences. They are ready to challenge the U.N O's presence if they perceive the negotiations to be failing she is naughty or badly behaved and will begin to perceive herself as having these characteristics This changes not only her behavior, but her perception of the child's behavior, communication and social skills is how you perceive others, how you make judgements of them The failure to perceive these differences of conceptualization has led to this trouble

18. What are concordances? A collection of all the occurrences of a word, each in its own natural environment.

19. Meaning of alleviate Meaning : to make easier to endure, to lessen, mitigate, to alleviate sorrow, to alleviate pain Pronunciation: ə-‘li:-vi-eit Synonyms : lighten, diminish, abate, relieve, assuage Antonyms : increase, strengthen; aggravate, intensify

20. Concordances for alleviate The loan will be used to alleviate shortage of raw materials, spare parts and other miscellaneous items. The proposal was designed to alleviate growing problems of congestion and pollution. The finance Minister announced a series of measures designed to alleviate the upward spiral in the price of essential goods. Technology and applied science have done much more to alleviate the worst effects of nature by providing help against, for instance, floods, storms, diseases, droughts, infertile soils and long distances. Ingenious balance shafts, which for the layman alleviate vibration and centrifugal imbalance, make this power unit smooth enough to be the envy of any chauffeur-driven decision maker. The technical training department has developed a strategy to help alleviate the continual short-fall of instrument personnel available to the offshore industry.

21. Concordances for alleviate India will need to import 30 to 40 million tonnes of high grade thermal coal by 2011 to 2012 to alleviate looming shortages Technology and applied science have done much more to alleviate the worst effects of nature by providing help against, for instance, floods, storms, diseases, droughts, infertile soils and long distances.

22. Stifle (verb)- Stifle (verb)- Meaning: abate, alleviate, prevent, restrain Pronunciation: staifl synonyms: constrain, hinder, hamper, impede, hold back, curb, check, restrain, prevent, inhibit, suppress. antonym: encourage... Antonyms: encourage, help, let out, persuade

23. Concordances for stifle If man is not to stifle his human feelings, he must practice kindness towards animals, for he who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. Attaching tax burdens to each online transaction will certainly dampen enthusiasm for Internet usage and stifle technological innovation... Mill closures did not stifle UK production from Paperboard Packaging in Business... Usage of recycled fibre now constitutes 68 percent of fibre used.... Levying tax based on usage might stifle the growth of the VOD service market. This paper presents another alternative pricing scheme that can partly resolve the afore-...

24. Concordances for Stifle Bio-fuel market stifled: group City development is stifled by red tape. Litigation could stifle enterprise networking standards. Lebedev says Russian Economy, Media is stifled by Kremlin control. Leading international and domestic economists say that the service sector is stifled. The government has stifled the development of the market forces by having its hold on vital resources. Could intellectual property woes stifle innovative chip designs?

25. How can grammar be taught using Podcasts? by providing several examples of the natural occurences of a particular grammatical item from a collection of texts. providing an inductive method to learning as opposed to the rule-based learning

26. Grammar:The Present Perfect tense I have just had lunch. He has just arrived. She has had a bath. (just had a bath) I have lost my key. (I don't have it now)‏ I have forgotten his name. ( I can't remember it now.)‏ She has gone out. (she is out now.) ( In all these examples, the action in the past has a result now. Therefore, the present perfect is used when the action in the past has a result in the present )

27. Present Perfect The issue has divided the country more than any. That question has troubled many critics of late. The French press has produced the dangerous illusion. Mr. Jones has led an often lonely crusade for peace. She is a woman who has undergone more stress Meanwhile, the new media have come to stay. (These are all examples to indicate an event which happened at an unknown time before the present)

28. Present Perfect to indicate an event which continues into the present I have lived here for seven years. He has worked in this industry for 10 years. Like the Alice Books, he has loved the tempest since he was a child. She has done a lot of work today. (Here we have used the present perfect tense to talk about an event which continues into the present. )‏

29. The present Perfect Mr. Sony has asked the students to select a project that has to be done in the final year. He has explained the students about how to choose a project. Amali has given much thought on a suitable project. This is what she has done in choosing a project. She has gone to the library to seek information from the books, periodicals and dissertations on topics similar to what she has contemplated. She has read through the journals and Research thesis for articles related to the project. She has written down the titles of books from the card catalog that are on her topic. She has found the journals and books. she has taken notes on important information from magazines and books. She has sequenced the process of going about with her project. She has written a rough draft and has submitted it to Mr. Sony. He has read it and has given her some more ideas on how to go about executing the project. He has also suggested her to do the project in Satyam Computers. He has provided her a recommendation letter to the HR executive, of the company, Mr. Sharma. She has contacted Mr. Sharma. Finally, she has got permission to do the project.

30. Sequencing Why are Asian Companies Increasingly going global? Asian companies understand that to succeed, you need to operate globally. You need to reach customers the world over as they have increasing choices over what product or service to consume. You first sell to your local markets and then begin exporting to foreign markets. Today, changes in Technology have enabled companies to begin selling globally at the first stage itself. Second, the resources of the world are also now coming under increasing scrutiny as energy-hungry China and India compete with global energy majors in this space. Third, talent today is global and you need to hire, not only locally, but select those with the best skills to manage your strategy and operations. Thus Asian companies are expanding fast globally to serve their customers and gain access to high quality resources.

31. Sequencing ideas First, the roller on the machine is inked, and then, the roller is rotated either by hand or by means of an automatic device. Secondly, corrections are carried out on the stencil paper. Next, the stencil paper is placed in position on the duplicating machine. After that, the stencil paper is removed from the machine and stored for future use. This is done by painting the correcting fluid on the wrong line, allowing the fluid to dry, and then typing the correct words over the paint. Finally, the letter should be typed on stencil paper, setting the typewriter to the stencil-cutting position.

32. The use of 'for' He was a great leader who has held office for 10 years. He was in the operation theatre for 11 years. He has been a world champion for 10 years, between 1985 and 1995. He has worked in an industry for 5 years and then shifted to teaching. He was sent for training for 3 months and then inducted into the company.

33. How can we carry out a Listening Activity using a Podcast? select certain tricky words, difficult grammatical structures, and expressions to be explained through the discussion about the topic and ask the students to predict the content. Ask the student to listen to the content using the ipod and simultaneously answer questions given in the handout. After listening, ask the student to summarise, make an analysis and critically evaluate the content and develop the concepts acquired from the listening text.

34. How can Podcasts aid in teaching Listening? Podcasts can provide tailor made listening exercise and a context to interact graded listening texts to the students teacher's presence interactive learning of comprehension jigsaw listening

35. What are the Different Stages of a Listening Activity? Pre-Listening Activity While-Listening Activity Post-Listening Activity

36. Purpose of Pre-Listening Activity Purpose of Pre-Listening Activity to activate existing knowledge to provide necessary context for the specific listening task build on existing knowledge

37. Activities in a Pre-Listening Task Activities in a Pre-Listening Task the teacher giving background information the students reading something relevant; the students looking at pictures; discussion and answer session; written exercises; follow instructions for the while-listening activity

38. Purpose of a While Listening Activity to focus student’s attention on comprehension of the speaker’s language and ideas on the organizational patterns of the text encourage critical reactions and personal responses to the speakers' ideas and use of language

39. While-Listening Activities While-Listening Activities information transfer - (filling grids, forms, lists, maps, charts, plans etc.)‏ sequencing - (ordering of a series of pictures or information)‏ information search - (listening for specific items, e.g. answer a particular question from the pre-listening stage filling in blanks - filling the missing words of a transcript of a passage) matching the items note taking system

40. Purpose of Post Listening provide opportunities to connect the text to one’s own ideas and experiences encourage interpretative and critical listening and reflective thinking

41. Post-Listening Activities answer questions to show comprehension of text critically analyze the listening text summarize a presentation Write letters, telegrams, postcards, messages etc. as a follow-up to listening activities; use the listening text to debate, interview, carry on discussions, role-plays, simulations, etc.

42. How do we teach Group Discussion using a Podcast? A consciousness raising activity on how to participate in a G.D. can be done by using a video recording of a sample Group discussion using a vodcast. The focus must be on how to initiate a G.D., turn-take, support an argument, contradict an idea, moderate an argument, and conclude a G.D.

43. Good Day Thank You