1. Chapter 1: Internet

2. Learning Outcomes: Describe Internet works, Internet providers, connections, and protocols. Discuss e-mail, mailing lists, newsgroups, Internet relay chat, and instant messaging. Describe Internet services: Telnet, FTP, and the Web.

3. What is Internet?  A “network of networks” or “the mother of all networks”. What is Network?  A system of interconnected computers, telephones, or other communications devices that can communicate with one another and share applications and data.

4. History of Internet Early 1960s Early 1970s 1980 Late 1980s By 1989 By 1995 1999

5. Development of Internet in Malaysia YearEvent 1988Establishment of RANGKOM network 1991JARING network was introduced – 1 st Internet Service Provider (ISP) 1997Telekom Malaysia Berhad – 2 nd ISP

6. How does the Internet work? Similar to the telephone system. How to connect/access to the Internet? Through a provider or host computer. Three widely used providers:-  Colleges and universities  Internet service providers  Online service providers

7. Connecting to Internet

8. Connections To gain access to the Internet Can be made either directly to the Internet or indirectly through a provider. There are three types of connections:- Leased and dial-up line. SLIP and PPP Terminal connection

9. Leased and Dial-up line Leased (Direct) line Quite expensive Used by organization or corporation Advantages:- complete access to Internet functions, and fast response and retrieval of information. Dial-up (Dedicated) line A lower-speed connection using a modem and the public phone system. Support only a single user Advantages:- Inexpensive and available everywhere.

10. Requirement to Access the Internet Computer Modem Account Communication software Internet software

11. Internet Addresses To send and receive e-mail on the Internet. To interact with other networks. Every network and computer user must have a unique address. Uses an addressing method known as the domain name system (DNS). To assign names and numbers to people and computers. DNS name – made of a domain and one or more subdomains. Numerical – IP Addresses. E.g.: 128.16.4.23

12. Example of Internet address lim.liyen@mmu.edu.my lim.liyen – user name @mmu.edu.my – domain name @mmu – host computer edu – next-level domain / top-level domain my – highest-level domain

13. TCP/IP Protocol Before information/message is sent over the Internet – it is broken down into small parts called packets. Protocols control how messages are broken down, sent, and reassembled. They govern how and when computers talk to one another. The standard protocols for the Internet – transmission control protocol/Internet protocol.

14. World Wide Web (the Web) Internet services that uses hypertext to link from document to document and from computer to computer. Hypertext – a system in which documents scattered across many Internet sites are directly linked with hyperlinks. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – the communication rules that allow browsers to connect with web servers. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – the web-site’s unique address.

15. Continue… Example of a URL http://www.nps.gov/yose/camping.htm http:// - Protocol www.nps.gov/ - Domain name (web server name) www.nps.gov/ yose/ - Directory name, or path camping.htm – File (document) name and extension Browser – software that enables users to view web pages and to link from one page to another. HyperText Markup Language (HTML) – programming language for the documents files that are used to display Web pages.

16. Continue… Web page – a document on the WWW. Web site – the location of a web domain name in a computer somewhere on the Internet. Homepage – opening page of Web site. Web server – a computer that delivers requested Web pages. Webmaster – person who designs, creates, monitors, and evaluates corporate Web sites.

17. Continue… How to find Information on the WWW? Knowing the URL of the site. Browsing Search Engine

18. Browsing

19. E-mail A mode of communication via computer to send and receive messages instantly from one network to another. An E-mail system consists of two programs :- User agents Mail delivery system E-mail address – used to send and receive messages. A mail box – storage location residing in the computer that connects us to the Internet. Mail server – the server that contains mailboxes.

20. Sending email

21. Continue… Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) – controls the mail delivery within the Internet. Post Office Protocol (POP) – communication protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Advantages:- Very fast Can be sent at the sender’s convenience The recipient can read the message at his/her leisure Easily be sent to one person, several, or to many.

22. Continue… E-mail Structure Consist of two very important components:- Header lines To: Cc: BCc: Subject: Mail body

23. Continue… E-mail Software Emotions Address book Mailing List Signatures Message Filters Mail Folders Attachment

24. Mailing Lists One type of discussion group available on the Internet. Use e-mail subscription and list addresses. Members of a mailing list communicate by sending messages to a list address. List-serves (Listservs) – e-mail mailing lists of people who regularly participate in discussion topics.

25. Telnet A program or command that allows us to connect to remote computers on the Internet using a user name and a password. Useful for perusing large databases at universities, government agencies, or libraries. Advantages:- We can be almost anywhere in the world and telnet to your place of employment as if you were on site. We can work on computer resources that may not be available locally.

26. FTP - File Transfer Protocol A method whereby you can connect to a remote computer called an FTP site and transfer files to your own microcomputer’s hard disk. FTP server – computer that allows user to upload and download files using FTP. FTP site – a collection of files that reside on a FTP server. Host computer – remote computer – accessible via Internet Client computer – our own computer Download – transfer of files from the host computer – the client computer. Upload – vice versa

27. Continue… Basic steps in FTP:- Make the FTP connection by logging in to the host computer. Move to subdirectory where the desired file is stored. Transfer the file from the host computer to client computer (or vice versa).

28. Newsgroups Giant electronic bulletin boards on which users conduct written discussions about a specific subject. UseNet – special network of computers that support newsgroups. News server – computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages. Newsreader – program included with most browsers that allows us to access a newsgroup and read or type messages.

29. Continue… Newsgroup classifications alt.Alternative to the mainstream groups comp.About computers misc.Groups that don’t fit into any other categories rec.About recreation sci.About science issues soc.About social science issues talk.About debates on a variety of topics news.About the newsgroup news

30. Chat Groups Allow direct “live” communication. The most popular chat service – Internet Relay Chat (IRC). IRC uses two of the basic components of a TCP/IP based network:- IRC clients IRC servers Chat room – permits users to chat with each other. Three type of chat rooms/channel:- Public Private Secret

31. Instant Messaging Allows one or more people to communicate via direct, “live” communication. Provides greater control and flexibility than chat groups. To get instant messaging – available free, download software and register with the service.

32. Netiquette “Network etiquette” Guides to appropriate online behavior Netiquette has two basic rules: Don’t waste people’s time, Don’t say anything to a person online that you wouldn’t say to his / her face.

33. Summary The Internet is a huge collection of computers connected together by thousands of interconnected computer networks. Through Internet Service Providers (ISP) - local or national companies that provide unlimited public access to the Internet and World Wide Web for a flat rate. To send and receive e-mail on the Internet and interact with other networks, you need an Internet address. WWW is a standardized set of requirements that allows users, from any point on the Internet, to access information at any other point.

34. Summary Email is a standardized set of requirements that allows users, from any point on the Internet, to access information at any other point. Mailing list provides a very easy method for sending messages to more than one Internet user. Newsgroups is an online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject. IRC allows many people from around the world to communicate. Instant Messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet Communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online

35. Summary Telnet allows you turn your local computer into a terminal of a remote host computer. FTP allows you to examine, send and receive files from other computers over the Internet.