1. Chemistry Study Guide

2. 1. What makes up an atom? Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons

3. 2. How is an atom and element related? An atom is the smallest unit of an element and an element contains atoms that are all identical.

4. 3. What is a chemical reaction and how are reactants and products involved? A substance is changed into one or more new substances. Reactants combine to form products.

6. 4. What is an ionic bond? An ionic bond is when one ore more electrons are transferred to another atom. The change in the atoms’ charges cause the ions to be attracted.

7. 5. What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is when one or more electrons are shared.

8. 6. What does organic chemistry mean? Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon and life.

9. 7. What is the chemical formula for water? The chemical formula for water is H 2 O. Draw the structure of a water molecule.

10. 8. What is polarity and explain how water is a polar molecule. A polar molecule has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the other end. Water is slightly negative around the oxygen and slightly positive near the hydrogens.

11. 9. What is a hydrogen bond and what causes it? A hydrogen bond is when a hydrogen molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom.

12. 10. What is cohesion? Cohesion is when similar molecules are attracted to each other. Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules.

13. 11. What is adhesion? Adhesion is when different molecules are attracted to each other. Water molecules are attracted to other molecules.

14. 12. What is a solution? A solution is a mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

15. 13. What is a solute? A solute is a substance the is dissolved in a solvent.

16. 14. What is a solvent? A solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance.

18. 15. What is an acid? Acids are substances that are proton donors (hydrogen ions) or electron acceptors Have a pH between 0 and 7 Vinegar, Lemon Juice and stomach fluids.

19. 16. What is a base? A base is a substance that is a proton acceptor (hydrogen ions) or electron donor. Has a pH between 7 and 14 Tums, Soap and Ammonia

20. 17. What is a pH Scale? A pH scale shows how acidic or basic an substance is based on a concentration of hydrogen ions.