2. Normal Life of cell Nerve Cells stop at this point 46 92 Nuclear Division Cell Division is controlled by the cells Surface to Volume Ratio

3. New healthy cell Old tired cell

5. Mitosis Videos

6. During Cell Division the Genetic Material goes through three name changes 1. Chromatin – During Interphase, it is difficult to see because it is very thin and wispy 2. Chromosomes – Condensed, easier to see with a microscope. Looks like dark short threads. Can be found in single or doubled form 3. Chromatids – Double Chromosomes, Look like little X’s under a microscope. Two chromatids make up one chromosome

7. Chromatids Doubled Chromosome

8. Chromatin Chromosomes Chromatids I P M A T

9. Interphase

11. Nucleus Genetic Material in form of Chromatin Cell Wall Nucleolus

12. Prophase

14. Chromatids Centrioles Spindle Fibers Nuclear Membrane Centromere e

15. Plant Cell Prophase Replicated Chromosomes convert to Chromatids

16. Metaphase

17. Chromatids Centrioles

18. Animal Cell Metaphase Chromatids Centrioles & Asters Spindle Fibers Cell Membrane

19. Plant Cell Metaphase Cell Wall & Cell Membrane NO Centrioles in Plants Chromatids

20. Anaphase

22. Chromosomes Centrioles

23. Anaphase in plant cell Chromosomes moving toward poles

24. Telophase

26. Nucleolus New Nucleus Forming Membrane pinching in

27. Chromosomes turn back to Chromatin Telophase

28. Division Plate or Cell Plate Chromosomes

29. Cytokinesis

30. Video Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

31. Cell Furrow

32. Types of Cytokinesis Binary Fission - Equal Division Budding - Unslightly unequal Sporulation – Very unequal Note: The nucleus always divide equally during Mitosis

34. Cancer Neoplasm - Abnormal cell growth, unregulated mitosis. 1.Benign - Not Cancerous, has not spread to other tissue. 2. Malignant – Is Cancerous, has spread to other tissues. Cancer Cells: 1. Form Tumors – Undifferentiated cells that pile up. 2. Undergo Metastasis – Spread to other tissues 3. Produce Angiogenesis – Form new blood vessels

35. Cause of Cancer Oncogenes – Cancer causing genes formed by genetic mutation. The mutation is undetected by the cells regulatory mechanism so apoptosis doesn’t occur. There are about 100 know forms of Oncogenes Oncogene formation can be caused by problems in gene replication during mitosis. ( Family History) Environmental Factors can produce Oncogenes. I.e.. UV radiation, smoking, asbestos

36. Summary

37. Quiz