1. CHAPTER 28 The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

2. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations I. Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s II. Revolution in the East III. In the Wake of the Revolution IV. Rethinking the West

3. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations I. Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s A. Détente Willy Brandt (1913-1992) Chancellor of West Germany Social Democrat Ostpolitik Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 1972 Nuclear arms freeze China Mao Zedong "Great Leap Forward" Industrialization Split with Soviet Union Richard Nixon (1913-1994) Henry Kissinger (1923- ) Oil Crisis Egypt and Syria attack Israel, 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Consequences Hostility towards immigrants Jean-Marie le Pen (1928- ) Front National, 1974

4. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations I. Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s B. The 1980s New Conservatism Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) Helmut Kohl (1930- ) West Germany Margaret Thatcher (1925- ) Goals Attack welfare Privatization New Feminism Workforce Italy, 50%, 1970-1985 France, 34%, by late 70s Britain, 31% West Germany, 37% Politics Sweden, 1/3 of M.P.s (B. The 1980s) Environmentalism E.F. Schumacher (1911-1977) Greenpeace Green parties Détente to Cold War Helsinki Accords, 1975 Opposition to NATO Missile policy

5. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations II. Revolution in the East A. Crisis of Legitimacy Soviet Union Economic Crisis Poland Solidarity Lech Walesa (1943- ) Wojciech Jaruzelski, Prime Minister Martial law, 1981 In power, 1989 Punk Rock Environmental destruction Protests in Eastern Europe B. Mikhail Gorbachev Yuri Androposv (1982-1984) Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985) Gorbachev, 1985 Glasnost Chernobyl, 1986 Perestroika Elections, 1989 Cold War Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, 1987

6. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations II. Revolution in the East C. Eastern Europe, Revolutions of 1989 Soviet Army withdraws by 1990 Hungary Westernized economy Open elections Other parties allowed, 1989 Poland Solidarity wins elections, 1989 Berlin Wall falls, November, 1989 Czechoslovakia Alexander Dubek returns Prime Minister, 1989 Václav Havel becomes president D. End of the Soviet Union Struggles Food shortages Inflation Nationalist revolts Boris Yeltsin (1931- ) Gorbachev resigns, 1991

7. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations III. In the Wake of the Revolution A. The Former Soviet Union Economy "Russian Mafia" Chechnya Independence, 1991 Yeltsin and Putin wage war

8. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations III. In the Wake of the Revolution B. Eastern Europe Ethnic hostilities Hungary Czechoslovakia Germany Guest workers Neo-Nazis Gerhard Schroeder (1944- ) Yugoslavia Tito Federalism 6 republics Communism Death, 1980 Slobodan Milosevic (1941- ) Croatia declares independence,1991 Bosnia-Herzegovina War, 1991-1999 "Ethnic cleansing"

9. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations III. In the Wake of the Revolution B. Eastern Europe Yugoslavia Tito Federalism 6 republics Communism Death, 1980 Slobodan Milosevic (1941- ) Croatia declares independence,1991 Bosnia-Herzegovina War, 1991-1999 "Ethnic cleansing"

10. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations IV. Rethinking the West A. European Union European Parliament First elections, 1979 Maastricht, 1991 > European Union Euro, 2002 Former Soviet Bloc 2004:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Cyprus, Malta

11. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations IV. Rethinking the West A. European Union European Parliament First elections, 1979 Maastricht, 1991 > European Union Euro, 2002 Former Soviet Bloc 2004: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Cyprus Malta

12. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations IV. Rethinking the West B. Euro-Islam Islam Turkey excluded Terrorism Iran Ayatollah Khomeini (1901-1989)

13. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 28: The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations IV. Rethinking the West C. Postmodernism Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) Roland Barthes (1915-1980) Michel Foucault (1926-1984) Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) D. The Global Challenge Environmental crisis Kyoto, 2001