1. ITU Workshop on "Future Trust and Knowledge Infrastructure", Phase 1 Geneva, Switzerland, 24 April 2015 The Open and Trustworthy ICT Platform Prof. Dr. Subin Shen, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecom (NUPT) http://www.njupt.edu.cn

2. Trust and knowledge Three views on ICT standardizations Open, trustworthy and global ICT platform Future network and the open platform The roles of the future network Topics to be Discussed

3. The Meaning of Trust Is the meaning of trust for a machine the same as that of trust for a person? – The machine is not as smart as a person. – The trust for a person cannot be transferred to another person.

4. Trust and Pre-defined Knowledge One person can earn his/her trust by working together with others for some time. A machine can be trusted at once when it access to networks based on some pre-defined knowledge it has. Pre-defined Knowledge is used to support for trusting a machine.

5. The Meaning of Reputation Is the meaning of reputation for a machine the same as that of reputation for a person? – The machine now has no opinion about what it likes or not as a person.

6. Reputation and Monitoring One person can establish his/her reputation based on the opinions from the most of others. A machine can build its reputation by the results of recently monitoring The just-in-time monitoring should be added to ICT platform

7. What is the Trustworthy ICT? The trustworthy ICT should be supported by well- defined knowledge, so that every machine (host, switch, server, gateway, device, terminal, etc.) can be trusted. The trustworthy ICT should be supported by results of just-in-time monitoring, so that every machine can have a correct reputation when it be used. – The results of just-in-time monitoring should be stored and accessed easily, which can be also regarded as dynamic knowledge in ICT. The Trustworthy ICT will depend on knowledge

8. Views on ICT Standardizations There are three views on ICT standardizations. The standardization works in functional view are the basis for ICT standardization. The standardization works in implementation view and deploy view have the practical value.

9. Requirements from Open Platform Most of valuable Internet businesses are based platforms, not based on networks. – Networks should be transparent to all Internet businesses to make businesses easier and cost-efficient In order to reduce the cost of Internet businesses and improve the trustworthiness of Internet businesses (e.g. security and privacy protection), the open platform is required Standardizations on service architecture, APIs, and platforms are required.

10. Standardizations on Open Platform The Open and global platform requires the global standardization efforts on service architectures, APIs, and platforms. The global standards on APIs and platforms depend on open software development and practices. The open source projects on APIs and platforms are needed to be funded by SDOs and their members

11. The Open and Trustworthy Platform The open and trustworthy platform requires the Knowledge Plane proposed by David Clark. – D. Clark, C. Partridge, J. Ramming and J. Wroclawski. A knowledge plane for the Internet. Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM2003, August 2003, pages: 3-10

12. What is the Future Network? The future network is a global evolutionary network that can provide both new types of services for its customers and new opportunities for the ICT industry. There are many revolutionary ideas, approaches, and implementations in the research and development of the future network. There should be the evolutionary deployment approach for the future network. – Our world has neither power nor time to replace the existing global network with a totally new one.

13. Key Technical Issue of Future Network Many technical issues that have been discussed in future network, such as cloud computing, IoT, SDN, Big data, etc. – These are only the supporting technologies The key technical issue of the future network is how to provide an open, trustworthy and global ICT platform. The future network will realize one open, secure and flexible platform to support interconnecting different networks, deploying different services, and exchanging information in our world.

14. The Roles of the Future Network Cloud computing will be deployed in future network to support scalable computing resource provisioning. The Internet of Things will be deployed in future network to support the different Cyber-Physical systems for different application domains. The Software Defined Networking will be deployed in future network to support interconnecting with different networks. The Big Data techniques will be deployed in future network to support scalable data exchanging and processing. The security and privacy protection technologies will be deployed in future network to support trustworthy service provisioning.

15. Smart City and Future Network Smart City is the group of intelligent applications related with daily life in a city. Smart City is one typical Cyber-Physical system that will make our daily life easier and better in a city. Smart City is based on the trustworthy and open platform of the IoT provided in the future network. If there is no trustworthy and open platform, there is no applicable smart city!

16. Conclusion Trust for a machine is simple and practical The Trustworthy ICT will depend on knowledge The open platform is required to support the cost- efficient and trustworthy applications The future network shall provide an open, trustworthy and global ICT platform. The emerging technologies will be based on and deployed in future network

17. Thank you for your attention! Q&A Contact: sbshen@njupt.edu.cnsbshen@njupt.edu.cn