2. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan1 1.Objectives To help Ss 1)get an overall view of the British geography ； 2)get some knowledge of the climatic and topographical features of Britain. 2. Procedure 1)Briefly review the previous session 2)Introduce the new session by finding the answers to the questions given below: a)What are other names given to this country besides Britain? Why is it so called? b)What are the geographical, topographical and climatic features of this country? its topography its main rivers, lakes and mountain ranges its weather Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

3. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan2 2. Procedure c)Where are Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland located? d)What separates England from rest of the European Continent? How do people get to the Continent nowadays? e) What is British topography like? f) What are the major river systems in Britain? g) What makes Northern Ireland possess the biggest lake in Britain? h)What is the climate like in Britain? How do you like it? i)Have you ever heard of “London Smog”? What happened to London because of the smog? Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

4. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan3

5. 4 Stonehenge Hadrian’s Wall

6. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan5 1.Different Names for Britain and Its Parts Different names Geographical names: the British Isles Great Britain England Britain U.K.(official name) 2.Geographical features (see overleaf) Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

7. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan6 * Location 1)Surrounded by sea in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. (North Sea…) 2)Separated by the English Channel in the south & the North Sea in the east. ( Strait of Dover…) * Topography 1) North-West & South-East --- north & the west - mainly highlands. --- east & southeast - mostly lowlands 2)Spectacular mountain scenery Snowdon (in Wales), the Lake District (in England), the Scottish Highlands Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

8. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan7 * Mountain range: The Pennines (Wuthering Heights) * Highest M. in Britain: Ben Nevis * Highest peak of E.: Scafell * Highest M. in Wales: Snowdon * Main rivers （ STC) --- The Thames (2 nd longest & most important, London & Oxford) ---River Clyde (the most important river in Scotland) --- River Severn ( longest, Wales to England ) * Lakes ---the Lake District (England, wild and beautiful scenery, home of the 19 th century Lake poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey) --- Lough Neagh (N. Ireland, basin, largest) Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

9. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan8 3.The climate Mild winters Maritime climate Cool summers Steady, reliable rainfall London Smog----London Smog: It set in in 1952 when the sulphur （ =sulfur ） dioxide prevailed London for four days, leaving 4,000 people dead or dying. Since then most cities in Britain have introduced “clean air zones” whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuels. “Clean Air Zones”: They refer to places where only smokeless fuels are allowed to burn. This was stipulated by the British government after the four-day London Smog that hit London in 1952. Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2)

10. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan9 Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2) 4.Assignment Do survey on the the following items: 1)the British flag Shape Length Width Colour Birth year 2)other British national emblems 3)British National Day 4)The date when Sino-British diplomatic relationship was established

11. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan10 Geographical features of Great Britain (Session 2) Key to the assignment 1. Interpretation of the British flag (Overlap of 3 flags) Shape: rectangular Length: Width 2:1 Colour: dark blue (background) and white and red (4 crosses) Red brimmed with white upright cross: St. George (England) White slanting cross: St. Andrew (Scotland) Red slanting cross: St. Patrick (Ireland) Birth year: 1801 (George III) 2. Interpretation of the British national emblem Shield: in the middle, at the top are the golden and silver crown inlaid with jewelries. And a lion wearing a crown. Golden lion: England Half squatting red lion: Scotland Yellow harp: Ireland Lion and Unicorn on each side: England and Scotland Maxim around the shield: Evil is rewarded with evil. Words on the ribbon of the badge: Heaven has God and I have Power. 3. British National Day Second Thursday of June 4. The date when Sino-British diplomatic relationship established 13 March, 1972

12. Survey of Britain by Zhang Haiyan11 A newly designed British flag became popular with the internet population (Adopted from Shanghai Xinmin Evening Paper, 12 Dec. 2007.) To be or not to be—that is the question — adopted from Act III ， Scene 1 ， Hamlet by William Shakespeare （ 1564-1616 ）