1. African Media since Ghana’s Independence By: Ramotsamai Khunyeli G08k3853

2. Recurrent Themes Focus of the book  Colonial, postcolonial and post-independence media systems.  Different African regions  Historical and socio-economic circumstances

3. Colonial Media Systems Militant role of the media. Ideological and political instrument. Sole mass medium of resistance.

4. Postcolonial Media Systems After independence Media role change to social and development.  Instrument of new political systems.  Small politicised publications. Foreign investments cause competition.

5. Postcolonial Media Systems (continued) Media’s development role undermined. Governments’ response.  Dictatorship Social and economic crises.

6. Postcolonial Media Systems (continued2) Social  Civil wars and strife.  Africa’s image.  Lack of protests. Economic  Colonial-type economic structures.  Corruption.  Media personnel.

7. Postcolonial Media Systems (continued3) Private press’s devotion.  Foundations of struggle.

8. Post-independence Media Systems 1980s Constitutional reforms.  Legal guarantees and regulatory frameworks. Journalistic organisations/groupings.  Professional identity.  Collective demand. Difficulties experienced.  Markets without customers.

9. Looking Ahead Long way  Least served people. Advancing democracy and development.  Conducive environment. Governments and free media.  Positives  Sensitizer  Public service

10. Looking Ahead (continued) Laws as media enabling mechanisms.  Saba’s peer review systems.  Internal content exchange.