1. 1933-1945

2. Systematic persecution and slaughter of the European Jews by the Nazis between 1933 & 1945. Primary victims were the Jews – six million were killed during this time. Germany’s plan – called “The Final Solution” – was to kill all the Jews of Europe. Other targets – gypsies, the handicapped, Poles, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Soviet prisoners of war, and political protesters.

3. Political party formed in 1919 mainly by unemployed German veterans of WWI. Adolf Hitler became head of the party in 1921 and led the party to become a powerful political force. In 1933, Hitler ended German democracy and established a dictatorship and restricted freedom of speech, press, and assembly.

4. Nazis believed that Germans were “racially superior”. Other races were seen to be a biological threat to “purity of the German (Aryan) Race” and must be “exterminated”. They blamed the Jews for the loss of WWI and the spread of communism through Europe.

5. Genocide - the systematic killing of all the people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or an attempt to do this. In the late 1930’s thousands of handicapped Germans were killed by lethal injection & poisonous gas. Jews were moved into ghettos and then “deported” to concentration camps where they died from forced labor, starvation, exposure, brutality, disease, or execution. Most executed in the camps died by gas and their bodies disposed of by cremation.

6. The US & Great Britain had received reports of the persecution of the Jews in the 1930’s. These reports were confirmed in 1942, but neither country modified their refugee policies or made attempts to stop the genocide. Anti-Semitism (attitude of disliking Jews) was strong in Europe, which caused citizens of many German-occupied countries to work with the Nazis. Some countries, such as Denmark, worked to save most of its Jews.

7. WWII officially began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. In 1940, Germany conquered Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. In 1941, they invaded the Soviet Union and Italy, Romania, & Hungary joined with Germany. (Axis Powers)

8. Synagogue – Jewish house of worship Cabbala – a mystical system of scriptural interpretation that originated in Judaism Talmud – ancient writings that form the backbone of Orthodox Judaism Deportees – people who were sent out of their country Gestapo – Nazi secret police

9. Rabbi – Jewish prayer leader Exterminate – put to death Fascist – a political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls businesses and labor and opposition is not permitted. Kapos – prisoners within concentration camps who were selected by the Nazis to oversee other prisoners

10. Crematory – furnace for cremating or a building containing such a furnace Barracks – building or group of buildings in which the prisoners of the camps lived Oppressors – people who control or rule in a harsh or cruel way Truncheons – a police officer’s club Kaddish – a Jewish prayer for the dead

11. Concentration camp – a camp where persons (such as prisoners of war, political prisoners, or refugees) are detained Selection – a process of choosing which Jewish prisoners would be put to death