1. NURSING ONE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2. Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?  Language of the medical field  Communication  Write and speak concisely  Bonus: Improve English skills, test scores, look really smart when watching TV medical shows

3. Terminology  Vocabulary Used in health care medical terms, originate from Latin & Greek  ACRONYM Words formed by combining letters of a word or phrase. Mash – Mobile Army Surgical Hospital Aids – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

4. Terminology (cont’d)  EPONYM Word based on name of person Parkinson’s disease Kaposi’s Sarcoma Sulk Vaccine

5. Medical Elements  300 Latin & Greek word elements  Thousands of medical terms are made up of these elements  Learning word elements & adding to medical terms starts to increase your English vocabulary.  Medical terminology is not a foreign language

6. Parts of Words Medical terms Has 2 or three parts; prefix, root, suffix PREFIX – at beginning of word (*not all medical terms have a prefix) ROOT – The word’s foundation. (all medical terms have at least one root- can begin a word) SUFFIX–The word’s ending. (Most have a suffix)

7. Parts (cont’d)  A combining vowel (usually o) joins a root to another root or to a suffix. Is combining form  Example: Thermometer  Therm. = heat  Meter = measuring device  Additional examples combining forms;  Hepat –o oste – o neur - o

8. Parts (cont’d)  Prefix, root, suffix – used in combinations  Two, three, suffix + connecting vowels  Example:  Electrocardiogram – a record  Suffix = gram – a recording  Root = electr – electrical activity  Root = cardi - heart  ( o,s) are the connecting vowel

9. Prefixes  Every word has a root and an ending, but not every word has a prefix  Prefix is always at the beginning of a word  The meaning of the prefix always stays the same  Prefixes are attached to words to express numbers, measurements, position, negative, colors

10. Parts  Root - core of word  Prefix- can change the meaning of root  Prefix - explains root  Example:  epigastric – on the stomach  hypogastric – below the stomach

11. Numbers bi – two, double bicuspid hemi – halfhemiplegic milli – 1/1000milliliter mono – one, singlemonocyte primi – firstprimigravida semi – halfsemiconscious tri – three triceps uni – one uninuclear

12. Measurements hyper – excessivehypertension multi – manymultipara poly – manypolyarthritis hypo – less hypoglycemic 

13. Position and/or Direction a – withoutapnea ab – from, away from abduct ad – toward, increase adduct ambi – both, both sidesambidextrous an – withoutanalgesic ante – before, in front anteroom circum – around circumoral

14. Position (cont’d) de – down, from descend dia – throughdiagnosis ecto – outsideectopic endo – within,endothelium epi – upon, over epigastric ex – out, away fromextract extra – outside of, beyondextrahepatic

15. Position (cont’d) para – near, beside paracervical peri - aroundperineal pre – in front of beforepre-operative post – afterpost operative retro – backward, behindretroflexion sub – under, belowsublingual supra – above, oversuprapubic trans – across, throughtransverse

16. Color alb – whitealbumin rube – redrubella cyano – bluecyanosis melano – black melanoma xanth – yellow xanthrochromic

17. Negatives & other Common Prefixes anti – against antibiotic contra – against contraindicated dis – free of, to undo discharge im – not impotence non – not non-invasive auto - self autograft

18. Common Prefix (cont’d) hyper – excessivehypertension pan – allpancytopenia per – throughpercussion pseudo – falsepseudoanorexia sym, syn – joined, togethersympathetic tachy – rapid, fasttachycardia ultra – beyond, excess ultrasound

19. Common Root Terms  cardi --- heart fibr --- fibrous tissue  gastr --- stomach my ---- muscle  mast ------ breast myel – marrow or spinal cord  hepat --- liver enter -- intestine  oste ----- bone col ----- colon  neur ----- nerve chole --- gall or bile  arthr ----- joint

20. Suffix  Suffix : will clarify will make a new word  will change the meaning of the root  Example:  Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils  Tonsillectomy – removal of tonsils

21. Common Suffix  porosis ----- porous condition  cyte --------- cell  ectomy ------ surgical removal  algia -------- pain -------- dynia  megaly ----- enlargement  logy --------- study of  itis ------------ inflammation  oma --------- tumor

22. Common Suffix  scope -------- device for viewing  scopy -------- act of viewing  sclerosis ------ hardness  stenosis ------ narrowed, blocked  lith ------------ stone, calculus  iasis ----------- indicating a condition  ic -------------- pertaining to  tripsy --------- crushing

23. Medical Terminology  Gastrectomy  Hepatic  Hepatocarcinoma  Neuropathy  Neurofibroma  Neurogastric  Osteoporosis  Osteomyelitis

24. Medical Terminology  Cholecystectomy  Cholelithiasis  Cholecystitis  Cardiomyopathy  Osteoarthritis

25. Military Time Meridian timeMilitary time 12 Midnight2400 hours 1 am0100 hours 2 am0200 hours 3 am0300 hours 4 am0400 hours 5 am0500 hours 6 am0600 hours

26. Time (cont’d) 7 am0700 hours 8 am0800 hours 9 am0900 hours 10 am1000 hours 11 am1100 hours 12 noon1200 hours 1 pm1300 hours 2 pm1400 hours 3 pm1500 hours

27. Time (cont’d) 4 pm1600 hours 5 pm1700 hours 6 pm1800 hours 7 pm1900 hours 8 pm2000 hours 9 pm2100 hours 10 pm2200 hours 11 pm2300 hours 12 midnight2400 hours

28. Frequent Symbols b.i.d. twice a day t.i.d.three times a day q.i.d.four times a day min. minute h. or hr.hour qh every hour q2h every two hours q3h every three hours q4h every four hours

29. Frequency (cont’d) q 6hevery 6 hours q 8hevery 8 hours q 12hevery 12 hours abefore pafter cwith swithout qevery NPOnothing by mouth

30. Symbols Change Number, followed by a number, pounds # Divided by / Multiplied by, magnification x Equals = Greater than > Less than <

31. Symbols (cont’d) gttdrop tab. tablet cap.capsule hs hour of sleep susp.suspension supp.suppository

32. Frequent symbols a.c. Before meal p.c. after meal ad.lib. as desired p.r.n.when necessary h.s. hour of sleep, at bedtime stat.immediately, as soon as possible Dailyevery day QD (not safe)every day QOD (not safe)every other day 

33. Common Medical Abbre. Route IMIntramuscular IVIntravenous IVPBIntravenous Piggyback SC/SQSubcutaneous SLSublingual IDIntradermal GTGastrostomy tube NG Nasogastric tube poBy mouth

34. JCAHO [do not use abb.]  Abbreviation Intended Preferred Uunits“units” ugmicrograms“mcg” QDevery day“daily” QODevery other day every other day AS.AD.AULeft, right, both ears write left ear etc OS, OD, OU left, right, both eyeswrite left eye etc. JCAHO – Joint commission on accreditation of Health Care Organizations

35. JCAHO (cont’d) IUInternational unit“write” 5.0 mg.Trailing zeroNo zero after decimal point write 5 mg..5leading zeroAlways a zero before a decimal point, write 0.5 mg. MSMorphine Sulfate“write” MS04Morphine Sulfate“write” mGs04Magnesium Sulfate“write”