1. University of Central Florida CAP 6135: Malware and Software Vulnerability Spring 2012 Paper Presentation Dude, where’s that IP? Circumventing measurement-based IP geolocation Phillipa Gill, Yashar Ganjali, Bernard Wong, and David Lie Presenter Ahmad Alzahrani

2. Information about the Paper: Authors: Phillipa Gill and Yashar Ganjali Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto David Lie Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto Bernard Wong Dept. of Computer Science, Cornell University Presented at the 19th USENIX Security Symposium, on August 12, 2010 in San Jose, CA during the Internet Security session.

3. Background What is IP Geolocation?

4. Introduction Applications benefit from IP Geolocation –Online advertising –Search engines –Restrict access to online content Multimedia –Fraud Preventions –Geolocation to locate VMs hosted by cloud provider

6. Motivation Who has incentive to circumvent IP geolocation? Web clients: –Gain access to content –Online payment fraud Cloud service –Location-based SLAs - cloud providers.

7. Paper Contributions Evaluation of two attacks. First to study measurement-based geolocation of an adversary Studied two models of adversarial geolocation targets (end host & WAN)

8. Background

9. Measurement-based geolocation Delay-based geolocation (e.g. Constraint-based geolocation Gueye et al. ) Ping! courtesy Phillipa

10. Measurement-based geolocation Delay-based geolocation (e.g. Constraint-based geolocation Gueye et al. ) Ping! courtesy Phillipa

12. 12 courtesy Phillipa

13. Topology-aware geolocation Assume no direct path to target. Locate also hops on the way. Takes into account circuitous network paths. courtesy Phillipa Ping!

14. Measurement-based geolocation Delay-based: –Constraint-based geolocation (CBG) [Gueye et al] –Accuracy: ~ 78-182 km Topology-aware: –Octant [Wong et al.] –Delay between hops on path is considered –Locate nodes along the path –Median accuracy: ~ 35-40 km

16. Two Attacks have been studied: (1) Delay-adding attack Increase delay by time to travel the difference Challenge: how to map distance to delay? - - Access to the map function. L3 L2 L1 Forged location

17. Two Attacks have been studied: (2) Hop-adding attack Landmark 1 Landmark 2 Target

18. Two Attacks have been studied: (2) Hop-adding attack Multiple network entry points Internal router (each connected to 3)Forged location courtesy Phillipa

19. Evaluation –Are the attacks effective? –What is the accuracy achieved by the attacker to mislead geolocation. –Can the attacks be detected? Experiment1 (Delay-adding Attack) –Collected measurements inputs using 50 PlanetLab nodes. –Each node of the 50 takes turn as target. –Each target moved to 50 forged locations.

20. Delay-adding Attack - Simulation Setup

21. Delay-adding attack (Detectability?)

22. Delay-adding attack (How accurate?) 22 NYC-SFO 700 M/KM

23. Hop-Adding Attack - Simulation Setup -Targets : 80 nodes (50 in US and 30 in EU) -Forget Locations : 11 inside above WAN (4 Gateways, 15 Internal Routers)

24. Hop-adding attack (Detectability?)

25. Best-case(delay adding attack) Hop adding attack 25 Hop-adding attack (How accurate?)

26. Recap Simple Attacker Sophisticated Attacker Delay-based Attack 11 Topology-aware Attack 12 1 – Detectable using region size, accuracy depends on distance to forged location. 2 – High Accuracy and difficult to detect.

27. Conclusion Measurement-Based Geolocation algorithms are susceptible to delay-based and topology measurements. Two models of adversaries have been considered. Two attacks have been developed and evaluated. The more advanced and accurate algorithm is more susceptible to tampering

28. Possible Extensions Develop secure measurement protocol to reduce ability of attackers to change measurements. Provide real-world results of the proposed attacks to study the effect of network congestion state on accuracy.

29. Qs & As