3. Stomachs Stomach EsophogusIntestine Eats other fish Marine fish Freshwater Omnivore

4. Stomachs Stomach IntestineEsophagus Planktivore Gizzard-Like Stomach

5. Gizzard Shad Mullet

6. Parts of the Stomach Cardiac Stomach Secretes Fundic Stomach Muscular for Grinding

7. Fundic

8. Cardiac

9. Hydrochloric Acid decalcifies bones

10. Hydrochloric Acid decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue

11. Hydrochloric Acid decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue hydrolyzes proteins decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue hydrolyzes proteins

12. Hydrochloric Acid decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue hydrolyzes proteins kills disease organisms decalcifies bones breaks down connective tissue hydrolyzes proteins kills disease organisms

13. Pepsin Enzyme Made by stomach glands Breaks down protein at low pH

14. Implications?

16. Large Intestine?

17. Variability in Intestine Design CarpCatfishTrout Sturgeon (Spiral Valve)

18. Stomach Intestine Cecae

21. Definitions Planktivore: Eats plankton Piscivore: Eats fish Herbivore: Eats plants Omnivore: Eats a little of everything Detritivore: Eats bottom goo Insectivore: Eats insects Carnivore: Meat (insects and fish too…)

22. Intestine Length Piscivores: 1 x body length Herbivores: 2 x body length Planktivores: 5-13 x body Omnivores: 2-4 x body Detritivores: 10-15 x body

23. Intestinal Secretions Bicarbonate to neutralize the acid Produces correct pH for other digestive enzymes that come from the…

25. Pancreas 1.Endocrine: Insulin for blood sugar control (Brockman bodies) 2.Exocrine: Digestive enzymes

27. Pancreatic Islet: Insulin

30. Zymogen Granules

37. Exocrine Pancreas Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats

38. Adipose Tissue

40. Exocrine Pancreas Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Amylases: starches Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Amylases: starches

42. Exocrine Pancreas

44. Liver Gall Bladder

45. = Liver cells = Bile ducts = Blood Liver cells arranged in plates

46. = Liver cells = Bile ducts = Blood Liver cells arranged in tubes

48. The Liver Secretes Bile

49. Fat Bile

51. Exocrine Pancreas Bile What else?

52. Liver Functions Vitamin storage: A (years worth!), D, B12 (months worth). Iron storage: Iron is needed to make hemoglobin and some enzymes. Free iron levels in the blood are kept very low to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Detoxification: Toxic compounds from food and blood are metabolized into nontoxic (hopefully!) compounds.

53. Liver Functions (metabolism) Carbohydrate metabolism: Storage of sugar as glycogen, production of sugar from other molecules, conversion of sugar types to other sugar types. Maintains blood sugar levels. Fat metabolism: Fat storage, conversion of carbos to fat, production of cholesterol, Protein metabolism: Produces plasma proteins (albumen, clotting, immune function), makes egg yolk (vitellogenin), amino acid conversion.

54. Glycogen Lipid Liver Functions (energy storage)

59. Yikes !

60. Digestive System Design Lips Teeth Pharyngeal teeth Gill rakers Stomach design (acids and enzymes) Intestine length Digestive enzyme emphasis (and bicarb)