2. H ORMONES T HAT A FFECT B LOOD S UGAR The Pancreas contains two types of cells Produces digestive enzymes Produces ______________– located in structures called the islets of Langerhans Over 2000 islets (each containing thousands of cells) are scattered throughout pancreas Islets contain _________ and ______________cells which are responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon

3. R EGULATION OF B LOOD S UGAR blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) insulin body cells take up sugar from blood liver stores glycogen reduces appetite glucagon liver releases glucose triggers hunger high low Feedback Endocrine System Control islets of Langerhans beta islet cells islets of Langerhans alpha islet cells

4. S TORING AND RELEASING G LUCOSE ! Insulin released when blood sugar levels ________ insulin causes cells of muscles, liver, and other organs to become _________________to glucose. Liver converts glucose to _____________________________ Insulin causes ____________________in blood sugar level Glucagon causes _________________in blood sugar level (released when blood sugar levels are _____, promotes conversion of glycogen to ____________.

5. G REAT C ANADIANS ! Dr. Charles ________ and Dr. Frederick _____________________ 1923 Nobel Prize for the discovery of ________________(Best was excluded!!) Did not profit from the discovery...unheard of today!

6. A DRENAL G LANDS Located above each _______________________ Inner gland – adrenal _____________________ medulla surrounded by outer casing (adrenal cortex), regulated by the _____________________________________ hormones regulate the adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla produces ___________hormones (produced when cells within adrenal medulla are stimulated by sympathetic nerves in times of __________________. _____________________________

7. FIGHT OR FLIGHT!! These two hormones initiate fight-or-flight biological responses blood sugar level _______________________ glycogen converted to _____________________ ensures greater energy reserve available increase _______________and __________________ rates as well as cell metabolism blood vessels _____________________= allowing more oxygen and nutrients to reach tissues irises ___________________________

8. A DRENAL C ORTEX Stimulated by _______________________________ Produces ___________different types of hormones ___________________________ one of the most important - ____________________, increases level of _______________________in blood and helps in recovery of stress by being converted to _________________ in liver, supplying more ______________________needed for repair or recovery by cells or participating in protein synthesis ____________________________ Salt and water balance – ALDOSTERONE! ____________________________ Small amounts!

9. L ONG T ERM S TRESS R ESPONSE hypothalamus sends hormone to ___________________lobe of pituitary stimulates pituitary to secrete corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone; ___________) blood carries ACTH to target cells in ___________ cells of adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (one of which is ____________) these are carried to target cells in _____________ and _______________________ as cortisol levels rise, hypothalamus and pituitary production of _______________hormones ______________________ eventually cortisol levels begin to ____________

10. S HORT T ERM S TRESS R ESPONSE regulated by adrenal ________________________ epinephrine & norepinephrine _________________________________is one of most important mineralocorticoids increases ______________________retention and ____________________reabsorption by kidneys