1. Remember this?

2. What famous event is shown here?

3. The Atom Bomb President Harry S. Truman’s decision in 1945 that ultimately led to Japan’s surrender & the end of World War II… Let’s review events leading up to this decision…

4. December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941 American sailors at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, awoke to the sounds of screaming sirens. On December 7, 1941 American sailors at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, awoke to the sounds of screaming sirens. Rushing to their posts, they saw a sky full of Japanese planes. Rushing to their posts, they saw a sky full of Japanese planes. Within minutes, 2,500 American lives were lost. (film clip) Within minutes, 2,500 American lives were lost. (film clip)

5. December 8, 1941 The US entered World War II and fought on the side of the Allies, against Japan and also against Hitler and Germany The US entered World War II and fought on the side of the Allies, against Japan and also against Hitler and Germany

6. FDR Speech

7. FDR’s Speech: Analysis 1. What information does FDR share about the nature of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor? 2. Based on the speech, how do you infer FDR felt? 3. How do you imagine Americans felt hearing this speech? 4. What do you think was the purpose of this speech? Effective?

8. Internment Camps After the Pearl Harbor bombing, many Americans viewed Japanese Americans with suspicion and fear. After the Pearl Harbor bombing, many Americans viewed Japanese Americans with suspicion and fear. To quiet fears, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which ordered the army to round up 110,000 Japanese Americans living in America and placed them in internment camps. To quiet fears, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which ordered the army to round up 110,000 Japanese Americans living in America and placed them in internment camps. Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and personal possessions in a matter of days, the government ordered them to report to evacuation centers and then moved them to inland fenced areas, away from the coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington. Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and personal possessions in a matter of days, the government ordered them to report to evacuation centers and then moved them to inland fenced areas, away from the coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington.

10. Two-Thirds were citizens. Half were children Two-Thirds were citizens. Half were children It was not until 1988 that the federal government apologized for this violation. It was not until 1988 that the federal government apologized for this violation. Congress paid $20,000 to each living Japanese American who had been confined in the camps. Congress paid $20,000 to each living Japanese American who had been confined in the camps.

11. Camps: Student Reaction 1. Were you surprised to learn that America had created such camps? Why/why not? 2. Why do you think the American government made such a decision? 3. What historical events can you compare America’s Japanese internment camps to? 4. Why is it wrong to single people out based on their ethnicity, culture, or religion?

12. Tule Lake, in northern California, was one of the most infamous of the internment camps. Prisoners there held frequent demonstrations and strikes, demanding their rights under the U.S. Constitution. A Closer Look: Tule Lake

13. At its peak, Tule Lake held 18,789 internees. Tule Lake was also one of the last camps to be closed, staying open until March 20, 1946. Tule Lake

14. The first internees were moved into Topaz in September, 1942, and it was closed in October, 1945. At its peak, Topaz held 9,408 people in barracks of tarpaper and wood. Topaz, Utah The single internment camp located in Utah was at Topaz, sixteen miles west of Delta, Utah. Named for a nearby mountain, Topaz was in the middle of an area charitably described as a "barren, sand-choked wasteland."

15. Reflection: What lessons can we learn from this part of history? Remembering History Cemetery shrine at Manzanar site

16. “That Damned Fence” 1. Where is the poet when he/she writes this poem? Why is he/she there? 2. What is the tone of the poem? What emotions does the poet express? 3. What conditions exist in the camp? 4. Explain the meaning of the last two lines of the poem.