1. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 1 ecological sanitation: technologies Christine Werner Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH ecological sanitation program, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure CeTAmb - International Conference The role of Appropriate Technologies in Cooperation Projects Desenzano del Garda (Brescia - Italia), 16-17 December

2. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 2 content  ecosan principles  ecosan technologies  ecosan project examples

3. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 3 technical data sheets for ecosan components overview

4. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 4 examples of urine diverting toilets Wost-Man, Sweden  waterless: faeces and urine without flush Roediger, Germany Dubletten, Sweden GTZ, Mali China  dry/wet: faeces without, urine with flush  dry/wet: faeces with, urine without flush  wet: faeces & urine with flush ecosan technologies

5. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 5 Lambertsmühle, Germany Mon Museum, Sweden vacuum urinal KfW-building, Germany waterless urinals ecosan technologies Ernst Urimat Keramag

6. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 6 composting toilet, Germany (Berger Biotechnik) ecosan technologies examples of composting toilets Sweden

7. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 7 examples of composting toilets optimised composting toilet, Japan, Bio-Lux (Seiwa Denko Ltd) mixing chamber with sawdust electrical or manually driven mixing mechanisms ecosan technologies

8. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 8 examples of dehydrating toilets rear view of a dehydrating toilet, Mali school toilet facility, China ecosan technologies two chamber systems

9. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 9 vacuum systems elements: vacuum toilets, vacuum urinals, vacuum conductions, pumping station advantages: water saving, concentrated black water collection, decentralised treatment possible (anaerobic) manufacturer: i.e. Roediger GmbH ecosan technologies

10. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 10 anaerobic treatment with biogas production ecosan technologies small-scale biogas plants: decentralized treatment of household wastewater with or without agricultural waste

11. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 11 membrane technology  Highly effective removal of soluable and biodegradable materials in wastewater stream  selective permeable membrane (pore sizes < bacteria)  treated water recycle potential for non-potable application  compact, flexible system ecosan technologies

12. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 12 vermicomposting example in South Africa: ecosan technologies

13. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 13 aquaculture  wastewater treatment by aquatic plants and fish with nutrient recyling by human consumption  offers high quality protein at low cost  predominantly in Asian countries  fish production of 1-6 tons/ha·year) achieved duckweed tilapia carp ecosan technologies

14. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 14 constructed wetlands vertical flow source: Cemagref Niels De Pauw ecosan technologies horizontal flow source: Comax International Ltd.  treatment of wastewater or greywater  effective in the removal of BOD, TSS, pathogen and nitrogen  effluent can be reused  aesthetically appealing

15. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 15 wastewater treatment with biomass production source: EU Fair, 2003  Combined wastewater treatment and bio-fuel production from willow plantations (example in Sweden)  Cost and energy effective ecosan technologies

16. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 16 „epuvalisation“ - hydroponics nutrient recycling (Senegal) ecosan technologies

17. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 17 Various containers for urine storage: Gebers, Sweden Lambertsmühle, Germany ecosan technologies urine storage

18. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 18 direct injection of liquid fertiliser agricultural use urban agriculture ecosan technologies irrigation

19. ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects,16-17.12.05, Brescia 19 Thank you! www.gtz.de/ecosan ecosan@gtz.de subscribe the ecosan-newsletter by sending an e-mail with the text “subscribe ecosan” to: majordomo@mailserv.gtz.de