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Green Dorm Wastewater System
JBM Associates BinBin Jiang Megan Bela Michael Murray June 7, 2005
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Pioneer Model for Future Change
Living Laboratory Sustainable Living Pioneer Model for Future Change
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Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station:
Escondido Village 5 & 6: Low flow appliances Efficient irrigation Native plants Minimize runoff Vaden Health Center: No water savings Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station: Rainwater catchment, waterless urinals Sustainable Buildings at Stanford Today
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Water Goals: 50% reduction of potable water use
100% reduction of lake water use 50% reduction of wastewater discharge
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Project Structure: Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance
Greywater System Blackwater System
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Classification Source Reuse Working Definitions Greywater (Laundry)
Shower Bathroom Faucet Irrigation Toilet Flushing Blackwater Toilet Kitchen Faucets Experimental Uses Compost from Kitchen scraps Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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House Layout Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance
Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Fertilizer Production Sewer Ex. water supply Compost Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Conserving Strategy
Water conserving washing machines LG WM2677H 40.9→12gal = 71% Low flush toilets Caroma Smartflush 1.5→0.95gpf = 37% Low flow showerheads Niagara Prismeare 2.11.5gpm = 28.5% Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Balance Purpose:
Category L/capita-d % of total Dishwashers 3.8 2% Other Domestic 6.1 4% Leaks 36.0 23% Faucet – Kitchen 25.4 16% Faucet - Bathroom 15.9 10% Shower 34.8 22% Clothes Washers 17.0 11% Toilets 16.7 Total 155.6 100% Previous 221.1 Purpose: Viability of water reuse scheme Source of data: AWWA water use survey/Stanford data Method Mike Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Balance- Assumptions
Regulatory ambiguity concerning clothes washing water Scenario 1 – All clothes washing water recycled Scenario 2 – Clothes washing water sent to sewage 1 Recycled Water MikeEffect on irrigation, black water levels Effect on irrigation, black water levels Clothes Washers Toilets Irrigation 2 Sewage Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Balance - Results
(liters/day/person) Scenario 1 (washer recycling) Scenario 2 (no washer recycling) Total Potable water used 122 Total potable water recycled 51 Recycled water needed 17 34 Total black water created 46 63 Irrigation water created Potable Water Savings 45% Black Water Savings 74% 65% Mike Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Nutrient Balance Purpose Methodology Identify major nutrient sources
Optimize treatment for reduction in nutrient loading Methodology Scale per-capita production of BOD, COD, N, and P (from literature) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Nutrient Balance - Results
Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Nutrient Balance - Conclusions
Compost pile for kitchen scraps removes 35% of P Divert up to 60% of N, 25% of P by separating urine Liquid kitchen waste comparable to solid toilet waste as nutrient source Megan Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream
Purpose Identify experimental uses Optimize grey and black water treatment Methodology Combine water and nutrient balances Megan Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Results
Megan Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Conclusions
Separated urine is highly concentrated source of N and P -> fertilizer BOD levels comparable in liquid kitchen and solid toilet waste -> combine treatment Concentrated laundry water diluted by showers Megan Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Overview of Greywater System
No arrows- Mike Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Lab Sewer Fertilizer Production Ex. water supply Ex. water supply Compost Compost Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Greywater Treatment: Equaris System
Clarifying Tank Aeration Tank Surge Tank Standard wastewater treatment with extended aeration Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Greywater Treatment: Equaris System
950 lpd capacity per system 68 lpd per capita 55 people NRDC- Santa Monica 4 systems needed (3740 lpd total) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Greywater Treatment: ZeeWeed Membrane Bioreactor
Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor by Zenon Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Greywater Treatment: Zeeweed Membrane Bioreactor
1470 lpd to 75,800 lpd Able to treat greywater and blackwater City of San Diego Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Comparison of two systems
Equaris Zenon MBR 50-88% reduction in TSS 2.5 log removal TSS (<1 mg/L) 83-90% reduction in Nitrogen < 1 mg/L N 78-93% reduction in BOD < 5 mg/L BOD 3 log removal of bacteria 4 log removal of bacteria Similarities Differences Modularity Cost Compliance with Regulations Water Quality Monitoring Available/Low Maintenance Footprint Cost Equaris Zenon MBR $32,158 including installation ~ $500,000 Water Quality Equaris Zenon MBR 816 ft3 (23 m3) 330 ft3 (9.3 m3) Footprint Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Recommendation: Phase I: Installation of Equaris
Phase II: Installation of ZeeWeed MBR In the future: Both systems can be expanded to include other row houses. Drinking water purification in the future possible BinBin Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Greywater Irrigation: Clivus Multrum
Available grey water: 51 liters/day GW used by toilet flushing: 16.7 l/d GW used by washing machines : 17.3 l/d Amount of grey water left for irrigation: 17 l/d or 34 l/d Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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More cost-effective alternative: Water storage until summer and pump for irrigation
Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Data logging and sampling
Monitor water quantity from each facility (GW and blackwater): flow, velocity Monitor water quality: turbidity, pH, water level, TDS, etc Water samples to lab for detecting pathogens Watersensors.com: YSI ADV6600 Water Quality and Quantity Sonde Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Overview of Blackwater System
Liquid Kitchen Waste Anaerobic MBR Urine-Separating Toilets Sewer Storage, Treatment Fertilizer Production Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Urine Separation Divert N and P from wastewater stream
N:P ratio of 6.7 optimal for agriculture Utilized in ancient China and modern Europe Green Dorm could fertilize 4.5 acres of tomatoes or 3.5 acres of corn annually Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Urine Separation: System
Urine-separating toilet diverts 1.25 l/pd urine plus 0.75 l/pd flush Ekologen Fiberglass Storage Tank 15 m3 Empty 2x per year Onsite Treatment Tank 6 months at 20°C Diluted or As-Is Fertilizer Application Urine Stream (Non-Metal Piping) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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The Future: Anaerobic MBR
Potable Water Solid Toilet Waste Anaerobic MBR Electricty from Methane Sludge Composter (CO2) Experimental MBR at University of Bath, UK Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
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Anticipated Performance
Potable water savings: 45% Wastewater discharge reduction: 65–74% Reduction of N in wastewater effluent: % Pioneering new technology and processes Grey arrows Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Lab Fertilizer Production Sewer Ex. water supply Ex. water supply Compost Compost
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Acknowledgements from JBM
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