1. Hazardous Materials Performance Packaging
Beth Powell Business Platform Leader

2. Disclaimers
This presentation is for general guidance only and must not be
used to determine compliance with 49 CFR Parts
This presentation does not satisfy the Training Requirements
(49 CFR ) for hazmat employees.
If you need this training, please contact your nearest
Safety-Kleen branch.

3. Basic Necessities Package It Mark It Placard It Label It
49 CFR Part
Package It
Mark It
Placard It
There are 4 basic necessities to get a package from Point A to Point B safely and in a compliant manner:
Proper packaging
Proper Marking
Labeling
Placarding the transport vehicle
Label It

4. Hazardous Materials Table
HMT
A list of all the proper shipping names that can be used to describe hazardous material for transportation in the U.S.
Do not assume a substance is not hazardous if you do not find it listed in the HMT
The “backbone” of the hazardous material regulations
Located in part (HMT)
Understanding and knowing how to use the HMT is the 1st step towards compliance.
ALWAYS go back to the HMT if you have a question – it will usually lead you to the correct answer.

5. Hazardous Materials Table
The HMT contains 10 columns.
Covers the transportation of HAZMATs in all modes (air, water, rail, highway).

6. Columns 1 & 2 Column 1 – Symbols Column 2 – Proper Shipping Names
Roman type
Supplemented by “punctuation marks” or words in italics
Options indicated by “or”
Singular or plural
Upper or lower case +
Fixes the proper shipping name A
Air D
Domestic G
Generic or n.o.s. I
International W
Water
Column 1 – Symbols – contains 1 of 6 symbols:
+ - “Fixes” or cannot change the shipping name, hazard class, or
packing group. Poses risk to humans.
A – Only regulated by air (unless hazardous substance or waste – ALL)
D – Proper shipping for domestic
G – Generic or N.O.S. (not otherwise specified); requires technical
names in parentheses and basic description.
I – International
W – Regulated only when shipped by vessel.
Column 2 – Proper Shipping Names - 2 types of lettering:
Roman – Indicates proper shipping name
Italics – May not be used to describe hazardous materials
Poisons or toxic can be used interchangeably only when shipped domestically.

7. Column 3 – Hazard Class Explosive Gases
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Flammable Solids
Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
Poisons & Infectious Substances
Radioactive
Corrosive
Miscellaneous
Located in Part – SEE CHART
Chart also provides the DIVISIONS within EACH class
May list “Forbidden” – may not be offered for transport. This does not apply if the material is diluted or stabilized.
ORM-D = Other Regulated Material 7

8. Columns 4 & 5
Column 4 – Identification Number for each proper shipping name.
A four digit number preceded by “NA” for
North America or “UN” for United Nations
Column 5 – Packing Group I, II, III, if assigned.
Performance testing includes drop, leak-proofness, hydrostatic pressure, stacking and vibration
Packing Group (PG):
PG I – Greatest Danger
PG II – Moderate Danger
PG III – Minor Danger
Column 4
4-digit identification number
Provides quick identification of all hazardous materials
Critical for emergency responders
Must be correctly written
Must be legibly displayed
UN = Domestic and International
NA = Domestic or between the US and Canada
Column 5
SEE OVERHEAD “PACKING GROUP”
Specifies one or more packing groups assigned to a hazardous material
The packing group has an effect on a materials packaging requirements.
I = Greatest danger III = Least danger

9. Columns 6 & 7 Column 6 – Label Codes
Indicates the primary hazard label
Indicate subsidiary hazard labels
Column 7 – Special Provisions (§ )
Includes packaging provisions, prohibitions and exceptions
Transported By:
A – Air
H – Highway
R – Rail
W – Water
Transported In:
B – Bulk
N – Non-Bulk
T – Intermodal
TP – Portable Tanks
Column 6 – Label Codes – See Label Substitution Table (g)
Represents the hazard warning labels required to be applied to each package.
2nd label code indicates subsidiary hazard.
Additional labeling requirements found in section
Column 7 – Special Provisions (requirements in addition to normal packaging requirements)
Codes applicable to packaging, packaging requirements, certification and marking/labeling
Numbers only codes = All makes of transport
Letters are as follows:
Transported by:
A – Air
H – Highway
R – Rail
W – Water
Transported in:
B – Bulk Packaging
N – Non-bulk Packaging
T – Intermodel (IM) Portable Tanks
SEE OVERHEAD “PACKAGING” – describes packaging (based on bulk vs. non-bulk)

10. Columns 8, 9 & 10 Column 8 – Packaging Authorizations (§173.***)
Exceptions (8A)
Non-bulk specification packaging (8B)
Bulk specification packaging (8C)
Column 9 – Quantity Limitations
Passenger Aircraft/Rail (9A)
Cargo Aircraft Only (9B)
Column 10 – Vessel Stowage Requirements
Cargo and passenger vessels (10A)
Specific hazardous materials (10B)
Column 8 – Specifies Applicable Sections for Packaging Authorizations
Divided into 3 sections:
8A – Exceptions
8B – Non-Bulk
8C – Bulk
The number listed takes you to the appropriate section of Part 173.
-For example: Toluene
Non-Bulk Packaging Requirements are found in Part
Column 9 – Quantity Limitations for Rail/Air
Maximum limits transported in one package
Column 10 – Vessel Storage
2 columns:
10A – Authorized storage locations for HAZMATs on cargo & vessel
10B – For specific HAZMATs
(k) provides more information

11. Packaging Why is it Important? First Line of Defense
To the handler
To the carrier
To the environment
Accidents in Transit
Public safety
Emergency response
Gets there in one piece!
Definition of Packaging – A receptacle and its components or materials that perform its containment function in conformance with the minimum packaging requirements of the HMR.
Examples:
-Fiberboard boxes
-Drums
-Portable tanks
-Cargo tanks
-Tank cars, etc.

12. Packaging Selection Steps
Identify the Hazardous Material
Determine the Packing Group (Column 5)
Understand Special Provisions (Column 7)
You must always check!
Identify the Packaging Exceptions (Column 8A)
Exceptions are relief from the more stringent packaging requirements
Determine Bulk or Non-Bulk (Column 8B or 8C)
Look up the 173.*** for the approved packaging
Understand Packaging ID Codes

13. Bulk vs. Non-Bulk Bulk Non-Bulk Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid Gas
(>119 gal)
Solid
(>882 lbs and capacity > 119 gal)
Gas
(Water capacity > 1000 lbs)
Non-Bulk
Liquid
(≤119 gal)
Solid
(≤ 882 lbs and capacity ≤ 119 gal)
Gas
(Water capacity ≤ 1000 lbs)
This will lead you to either Column 8b or 8c of the HMT

14. Understanding the Manufacturer’s UN Markings 1A1/Y1.8/250/07/USA/M4369

15. Non-Bulk Packaging Codes
Type of Container
1=Drum
2=Wooden Barrel
3=Jerrican
4=Box
5=Bag
6=Composite
Packaging
7=Pressure
Receptacle
Material of Construction
A=Steel
B=Aluminum
C=Natural Wood
D=Plywood
F=Reconstituted Wood
G=Fiberboard
H=Plastic
L=Textile
M=Paper, Multi-Wall
N=Metal other than Steel or Aluminum
P=Glass, Porcelain, or Stoneware
Category within Type
1=Closed Head
2=Open Head
T = Used to denote a Salvage Drum which has been tested for leakproofness using water as the test media
Will will get to Salvage Drums Later
Examples:
1A1 is a closed-head steel drum
1H2 is an open-head plastic drum

16. IBC Packaging Codes Type of Container Material of Construction
11=Rigid, designed for
solids, loaded or
unloaded by gravity
21=Rigid, designed for
unloaded under
pressure > 10 kPa
13=Flexible, designed
for solids, loaded or
31=Rigid, designed for
liquids, loaded or
Material of Construction
A=Steel
B=Aluminum
C=Natural Wood
D=Plywood
F=Reconstituted Wood
G=Fiberboard
H=Plastic
L=Textile
M=Paper, Multi-Wall
N=Metal other than Steel
or Aluminum
P=Glass, Porcelain, or
Stoneware
Category within Type
Composite IBC
1=Rigid inner receptacle
2=Flexible inner receptacle
Flexible IBC
1=Uncoated without liner
2=Coated without liner
3=Uncoated with liner
4=Coated with liner
Intermediate Bulk Container
(i) Wooden: 11C, 11D and 11F;
(ii) Fiberboard: 11G;
(iii) Flexible: 13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 and 13M2; and
(iv) Composite: 11HZ2 and 21HZ2.
Example: 13H4 is a flexible IBC made from coated plastic and includes a liner

17. Second Set of Manufacturer’s Markings
Performance Level
X=Meets PG I, II and III tests
Y=Meets PG II and III tests
Z=Meets PG III tests
Specific Gravity
Weight of a liquid compared to weight of water
For packages intended to hold liquids without inner containers OR
Gross Weight (Kilograms)
1 lb = kg
For packages intended to hold solids or inner containers
Going forward this is for non-bulk.
Bulk puts the weight limit last.
Drop, leak-proofness, hydrostatic pressure, stacking and vibration tests
Specific Gravity==MAX
Mass==MAX
Examples:
1A1/Y1.8 is rated for Packing Groups II or III liquids with a specific gravity up to 1.8
1H2/X100 is rated for Packing Groups I, II or III solids up to 100 kg in weight

18. Last Set of Manufacturer’s Markings
Test Pressure (Kilopascals)
Maximum hydrostatic pressure
for packages intended to hold
liquids OR
Solids
For packaging containing
solids or inner packaging
Year of Manufacture
Then…
Country of Manufacture
Place where the package was
manufactured and marked
Name/Symbol of Manufacturer
VAPOR PRESSURE: kPa (KILOPASCAL) IS THE METRIC EQUIVALENT TO P.S.I. (POUNDS PER SQ INCH).
UN Certification - Hydrostatic Pressure Test (for all liquid packaging):
This test is required for all packaging intended to contain liquids. The purpose of the test is to ensure that no leakage of liquid occurs due to vapor pressure build-up at various temperatures. Because certain chemicals can emit a vapor that increases as the temperature changes, packagings must be built to withstand the internal pressure that is created. An example of this might be gasoline. As the temperature rises, gasoline vapors expand, thus creating an internal pressure on the container.
The test involves filling the packaging to its prescribed level and applying an internal pressure for at least 30 minutes. The test pressure must be applied continuously and evenly, and it must be kept constant throughout the test period. A hydraulic pressure gauge is connected to the top of the receptacle to record the pressure.
The determination of the hydrostatic pressure rating for packaging selection is dependent upon the interaction between the hazardous materials vapor pressure and the temperature.
To determine if a packaging kPa rating meets the needs for a liquid hazardous material, of two temperatures is selected to determine the vapor pressure.
Temperature #1.
Method A. The gauge pressure (pressure in the non-bulk container above ambient atmospheric pressure) measured in the non-bulk container at 55C (131F) multiplied by a safety factor of 1.5. This pressure must be determined on the basis of the non-bulk container being filled and closed to no more than 98 percent capacity at 15C (60F).
Method B. If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous materials plus the atmospheric pressure) is used. Multiply the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 55C (131F) by a safety factor of 1.5 and subtract 100 kPa (14.5 psi). If his method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kPa gauge pressure (14.5 psig).
Temperature #2.
Method C. If absolute pressure (vapor pressure of the hazardous material plus atmospheric pressure) is used, multiply the vapor pressure of the hazardous materials at 50C (122F) by a safety factor of 1.75 and subtract 100 kPa (14.5 psi). If this method is chosen, the hydrostatic test pressure applied must be at least 100 kPa gauge pressure (14.5 psig).
Note: Packaging intended to contain hazardous materials of Packing Group I must be tested to a minimum test pressure of 250 kPa (36 psi).
Examples:
1A1/Y1.8/250/07/USA/M439 was tested up to 250 kPa, manufactured in 2007, made in the USA and approved by M4269
1H2/X100/S/10/USA/M4339 was rated for solids, manufactured in 2010, made in the USA and approved by M4339

19. All Together 1 A 1/ Y 1.8/ 250 2/ X 120/ S 150 H 100 6/ 2T/ Type
1=Drum
2=Wooden Barrel
3=Jerrican
4=Box
5=Bag
6=Composite
Packaging
7=Pressure
Receptacle
Material
A=Steel
B=Aluminum
C=Natural Wood
D=Plywood
F=Reconstituted Wood
G=Fiberboard
H=Plastic
L=Textile
M=Paper, Multi-Wall
N=Metal other than
Steel or Aluminum
P=Glass, Porcelain, or
Stoneware
Category
1=Closed Head
2=Open Head
T = Salvage
Drum which has
been tested for
leakproofness
Performance Level
X=Meets PG I, II and III tests
Y=Meets PG II and III tests
Z=Meets PG III tests
Specific Gravity
For liquids OR
Gross Weight
For solids (kg)
Test Pressure
For liquids (kPa) OR
Solids 1 A 1/ Y
1.8/
250 2/ X
120/ S
150 H
100 6/
2T/

20. Salvage Drums Used when packages of hazardous materials are damaged,
defective or found leaking.
Must have sufficient cushioning and absorbent to prevent
excessive movement and eliminate any free liquid at time
drum is closed.

21. Marking Placement
Steel open and closed head drums MUST be marked with the
UN number permanently embossed on the bottom.
Plastic drums MUST be UN marked (embossed) on the side or
the bottom. If labels are also used they must be durable.

22. Questions?
1-800-HOT-HOGS