2. Text: Biology: The Study of Life Biology from the Greek words bios, meaning “life,” logos, meaning “study”; Biology is the study of life.

3. Through your study of biology, you will come to appreciate the great diversity of life on Earth and the way all living organisms fit into the dynamic pattern of life on our planet. Biologists study the Diversity of Life

4. Life on Earth includes not only the common organisms you notice every day, but also distinctive life forms that have unusual behaviors. The Science of Biology One of the most general principles in biology is that living things do not exist in isolation; they are all functioning parts in the delicate balance of nature.

5. Biologists study the interactions of life Living things interact with their environment and depend upon other living and nonliving things to aid their survival the study of biology must include the investigation of living interactions. The study of one living thing always involves the study of the others with which it interacts.

6. The study of biology will teach you how humans function and how we fit in with the rest of the natural world. It will also equip you with the knowledge you need to help sustain this planet’s web of life. Biologists study problems and propose solutions Biologists study problems and propose solutions

7. Biologists have formulated a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things. Only when something has all of them can it then be considered living. Characteristics of Living Things

8. Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life is known as an organism. Characteristics of Living Things

9. All living things: have an orderly structure produce offspring grow and develop adjust to changes in the environment Characteristics of Living Things

10. When biologists search for signs of life, one of the first things they look for is structure. That’s because they know that all living things show an orderly structure, or organization. Whether an organism is made up of one cell or billions of cells, all of its parts function together in an orderly, living system. Living things are organized

11. How are living things like? Any living thing is called an organism. Organisms vary in size—from the microscopic bacteria in mud puddles to gigantic oak trees— and are found just about everywhere

12. One of the most obvious of all the characteristics of life is reproduction, the production of offspring. Living things make more living things Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual organism, but it is essential for the continuation of the organism’s species.

13. Species A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature Horse Donkey Mule sterile

14. Species? Fertile Offspring? Rama the cama shares the limelight with three others of his species: conceived through artificial insemination: llamas were inseminated with camel semen. father lion + mother tiger = liger father tiger + mother lion = tigon Liger’s, genetically, lean toward gigantism. Tigon’s lean toward dwarfism.

15. Development- Growth results in an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures. All organisms grow, with different parts of the organism growing at different rates. All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are known as its development Think about some of the structural changes your body has already undergone since you were born. All life begins as a single cell. As cells multiply, each organism grows and develops and begins to take on the characteristics that identify it as a member of a particular species. Moth metamorphosis- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atOSro3_W7c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atOSro3_W7c Living things change during their lives

16. Living Things Grow and Develop The length of time an organism is expected to live is its life span. Some organisms have a short life span, Others have a much longer life span. Some bristlecone pine trees have been alive for more than 4,600 years!

17. Living things adjust to their surroundings Organisms live in a constant interface with their surroundings, or environment, which includes the air, water, weather, temperature, any other organisms in the area, and many other factors. Stimulus- Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes the organism to react A reaction to a stimulus is a response.

18. Living Things Respond to stimuli that occur inside them. Homeostasis is a trait of all living things. Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival is called homeostasis. Living things reproduce themselves, grow and develop, respond to external stimuli, and maintain homeostasis by using energy. Homeostasis Thermoregulation Video http://wn.com/homeostasis?upload_time=all_time&orderby=published #/images http://wn.com/homeostasis?upload_time=all_time&orderby=published #/images

19. Energy is the ability to cause change. Living things reproduce themselves, grow and develop, respond to external stimuli, and maintain homeostasis by using energy. Organisms get their energy from food. Plants make their own food, Animals, fungi, and other organisms get their food from plants or from organisms that consume plants.

20. Living Things Use Energy The energy used by most organisms comes either directly or indirectly from the Sun. Plants and some other organisms use the Sun’s energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. Organisms that do not get energy directly from the Sun must take in oxygen in order to release the energy in foods. You and most other organisms can’t use the energy of sunlight directly. Instead, you take in and use food as a source of energy.

21. Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring is called an adaptation. Adaptations are inherited The gradual change in a species through adaptations over time is evolution. Living things adapt and evolve

22. Living things adjust to their surroundings Organisms live in a constant interface with their surroundings, or environment. These include air, water, weather, temperature, and any other organisms in the area. The fox responds to the presence of a rabbit by quietly moving toward it, then pouncing. Trees adjust to cold, dry winter weather by losing their leaves. Trees that drop their leaves in the fall conserve water and avoid freezing during winter

23. What do living things need? To survive, all living things need a place to live and raw materials. The raw materials that they require and the exact place where they live can vary. All living things need a place to live, water, and food source to survive.

24. Question 1 How does society benefit from the study of biology?

25. Benefits include advances in medical treatments and disease prevention, learning more about how the human body functions, increasing knowledge of human relationships and better understanding of how to sustain the web of life on Earth.

26. Question 2 What is the origin of the term "biology"?

27. "Biology" comes from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life, and "logos" meaning study. Biology is the study of life.

28. Question 3 What are some characteristics of living things?

29. All living things have an orderly structure produce offspring grow and develop and adjust to changes in the environment. Sometimes nonliving things have one or more of these characteristics, but unless something has all of them it is not considered to be a living thing. These plants are called Lithops from the Greek lithos, meaning “stone.” Although they don’t appear to be so, Lithops are just as alive as elephants. Both species possess all of the characteristics of life.

30. Question 4 A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is a(n) __________. D. niche C. environment B. species A. organization

31. The answer is B, species.

32. Question 5 What is the importance of homeostasis?

33. Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival. An example is the adjustment an organism makes in the amount of water in its cells; without the ability to make such adjustments, organisms die.

34. Question 6 Which of the following is an example of an adaptation? D. all the changes that take place during the lifetime of an organism C. possessing large eyes for efficient night vision B. changing only one condition at a time during an experiment A. the gradual change in a species over time

35. The answer is C. A structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to reproduce is an adaptation. Evolution is the gradual change of a species over time and occurs through adaptations.

36. Compare different scientific methods. Section Objectives: Differentiate among hypothesis, theory, and principle.

37. Scientific Hypothesis Science welcomes test to determine if a hypotheis is correct Testable explanation May help establish a theory If it can’t be tested, it isn’t based on science Often leads to new knowledge Many experiments can be done to support it and it is still a hypothesis If one experiment disproves it, it must be re- evaluated based on the new information. The new information must be considered and the hypothesis, law or principle must be changed to include the new knowledge gained

38. What if an experiment does not support a hypothesis? Glass is fragile http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V2eCFs DkK0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V2eCFs DkK0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdy2_vi0 FfM&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdy2_vi0 FfM&feature=related A scientist must be prepared to change or abandon an idea. Feather Hammer Drop on Moon.click picture Ex. Aristotle believed heavy objects fell faster than lighter NASA

39. A theory EXPLAINS how things function or occur a view that helps to explain many different phenomena A hypothesis that is supported by repeated experimentation All information supports the idea. Ex. Cell Theory & Atomic Theory Mermaid Theory- water evolution? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdGBcS0 avAU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdGBcS0 avAU&feature=related

40. Scientific Theories Must be refined based on new information as it becomes available Atomic theory 1. solid ball 2. ball with electrons stuck to outside 3. electrons in fixed levels 4. electron cloud

41. A law A law is a statement which is believed to be fact BUT offers no explanation Ex. Newton’s 3 rd Law- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

42. Scientific Methods Scientific methods are used by scientists to answer questions and solve problems. The development of the cell theory, illustrates how the methods of science work. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork. He made the drawing shown. The knowledge obtained when scientists answer one question often generates other questions or proves useful in solving other problems

43. The common steps that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions are collectively known as scientific methods. The methods biologists use Scientific methods usually begin with scientists identifying a problem to solve by observing the world around them.

44. Scientific Method 1. Recognize a problem 2. Form a Testable idea (hypothesis) 3. Predict consequences of a hypothesis 4. Perform experiments to test predictions 5. Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the 3 main ingredients: Hypothesis, prediction, and experimental outcomes

45. A hypothesis is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested. A hypothesis is not a random guess Eventually, the scientist may test a hypothesis by conducting an experiment. The results of the experiment will help the scientist draw a conclusion about whether or not the hypothesis is correct. The methods biologists use

46. To a scientist, an experiment is an investigation that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information under controlled conditions. Experimenting

47. What is a controlled experiment? Some experiments involve two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The control is the group in which all conditions are kept the same. In a controlled experiment, only one condition is changed at a time. The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested.

48. The condition in an experiment that is changed is the independent variable, because it is the only variable that affects the outcome of the experiment While changing the independent variable, the scientist observes or measures a second condition that results from the change. This condition is the dependent variable, because any changes in it depend on changes made to the independent variable. Designing an experiment

49. Controlled experiments are most often used in laboratory settings. Designing an experiment However, not all investigations are controlled. An investigation which has no control, may involve biological investigation, most often used in field work.

50. No control An investigation which has no control, is the type of biological investigation most often used in fieldwork. The design of the procedure that is selected depends on what other investigators have done and what information the biologist hopes to gain. Sometimes, a biologist will design a second investigation even while a first one is being conducted, to answer the question. In the future health care workers may be able to GP software to input and track the geographic locations of patients who've contracted deadly, communicable diseases. Then, if an epidemic pattern began to emerge, doctors could go straight to the source and administer antivirals or vaccines before the killer gets out of control.

51. Not all investigations are controlled. Suppose you were on a group of islands in the Pacific that is the only nesting area for a large seabird known as a waved albatross. Watching the nesting birds, you observe that the female leaves the nest when her mate flies back from a foraging trip. The birds take turns sitting on the eggs or caring for the chicks, often for two weeks at a time. You might hypothesize that the birds fly around the island, or that they fly to some distant location, in search of food. To test these hypotheses, you might attach a satellite transmitter to some of the birds and record their travels.

52. Information obtained from investigations Often, data are in numerical form. Data gathering dataQuantitative data Numerical data may be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, or other factors. Numerical data may also be counts.

53. Qualitative Observation Sometimes data are expressed in verbal form, using words to describe observations made during an investigation. Scientists who first observed the behavior of pandas in China obtained data by recording what these animals do in their natural habitat and how they respond to their environment. Learning that pandas are solitary animals with large territories helped scientists understand how to provide better care for them in zoos and research centers.

54. After careful review of the results, the scientist must come to a conclusion: Thinking about what happened Was the hypothesis supported by the data? Was it not supported? Is more data needed?

55. Verifying results Data and conclusions are shared with other scientists for an important reason. After results of an investigation have been published, other scientists can try to verify the results by repeating the procedure. If they obtain similar results, there is even more support for the hypothesis. Data from an investigation may be considered confirmed only if repeating that investigation several times yields similar results. When a hypothesis is supported by data from additional investigations, it is considered valid and is generally accepted by the scientific community. When a scientist publishes the results of his or her investigation, other scientists can relate their own work to the published data.

56. Analyze Thinking about what happened Often, the thinking that goes into analyzing data takes the greatest amount of a scientist’s time. After careful review of the results, the scientist must come to a conclusion: Was the hypothesis supported by the data? Was it not supported? Are more data needed?

57. After analyzing the data Scientists often have more questions than they had before the investigation. They compare their results and conclusions with the results of other studies by researching the published literature for more information. They also begin to think of other experiments they might carry out.

58. Write an experiment Swirling milk http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=end screen&v=22r1zWOYiRM&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=end screen&v=22r1zWOYiRM&NR=1

59. Common tools Simple Beakers test tubes hot plates petri dishes Thermometers Balances metric rulers graduated cylinders Complex Microscopes Centrifuges radiation detectors Spectrophotometers DNA analyzers gas chromatographs Etc... optical microscope Gel electrophoresis can be used to produce a DNA fingerprint as shown. Comparing DNA reveals how closely related two species are

60. Safety is another important factor that scientists consider when carrying out investigations. Sharp Object Safety This symbol appears when a danger of cuts or punctures caused by the use of sharp objects exists. Clothing Protection Safety This symbol appears when substances used could stain or burn clothing. Eye Safety This symbol appears when a danger to the eyes exists. Safety goggles should be worn when this symbol appears. Chemical Safety This symbol appears when chemicals used can cause burns or are poisonous if absorbed through the skin. Maintaining safety

61. Main Ideas 1. Suppose you observed that bees prefer a yellow flower that produces more nectar over a purple flower that produces less nectar. List two separate hypotheses that you might make about bees and flowers. 2. Describe a controlled experiment you could perform to determine whether ants are more attracted to butter or to honey. 3. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? 4. Why do some investigations require a control? Thinking Critically 5. Describe a way that a baker might conduct a controlled experiment with a cookie recipe. 6. Interpret Scientific Illustrations

62. What is the difference between a hypothesis and an observation? Question 1

63. A hypothesis is an explanation for a question or problem and can be formally tested. An observation is something that has been noticed, often generating questions that lead to the formation of a hypothesis.

64. What is the independent variable in this experiment? D. amount of water C. plant height B. amount of sunlight A. soil volume Question 2

65. The answer is B. The independent variable is the condition that is changed. In this case, the amount of sunlight is changed for each plant. Plant heights are measured results of the experiment, so plant height is the dependent variable.

66. Which of the following is the group in an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same? Question 3 D. control C. experimental B. independent variable A. standard

67. The answer is D. Conditions are kept the same in the control group. The experimental group is the test group.

68. Section 2 Check Compare the terms "theory" and "principle". Question 4

69. Section 2 Check A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence. A principle is a fact of nature, generally known to be true, such as the law of gravity.

70. 1.3 Section Objectives – page 19 Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative information. Section Objectives: Explain why science and technology cannot solve all problems.

71. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Scientific information can usually be classified into one of two main types, quantitative or qualitative. Kinds of Information

72. Biologists sometimes conduct controlled experiments that result in counts or measurements—that is, numerical data. Quantitative information These kinds of experiments occur in quantitative research. The data are analyzed by comparing numerical values.

73. Quantitative data may be used to make a graph or table. Graphs and tables communicate large amounts of data in a form that is easy to understand Quantitative information Paramecium Survival Rates Temperature Number of paramecia surviving

74. Graphing Suppose, for example, that a biologist is studying the effects of climate on freshwater life. He or she may count the number of microscopic organisms, called Paramecium, that survive at a given temperature. This study is an example of quantitative research.

75. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Scientists always report measurements in a form of the metric system called the International System of Measurement, commonly known as SI. Measuring in the International System SI Base Units Measurement Unit Symbol Lengthmeterm Mass kilogramkg Timeseconds Electric current ampereA Temperaturekelvin K Amount of substancemolemol Intensity of lightcandelacd

76. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Measuring in the International System In biology, the metric units you will encounter most often are: meter (length), gram (mass), liter (volume), second (time), and Celsius degree (temperature).

77. Observational data—that is, written descriptions of what scientists observe—are often just as important in the solution of a scientific problem as numerical data. When biologists use purely observational data, they are using qualitative information. Qualitative information

78. Ethics refers to the moral principles and values held by humans. Society as a whole must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries. Scientists might not consider all the possible applications for the products of their research when planning their investigations. Society as a whole must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries. Science and Society

79. Steps for Making Ethical Decisions 1.Identify the ethical issue or problem. 2.List the facts that have the most bearing on the decision. 3.Identify anyone who might be affected by your decision and how. 4.Explain what each affected person would want you to do about the issue. 5. List three alternative actions and identify the best and worst case scenario for each alternative, anyone who would be harmed by this choice (and how), any values that would be compromised by selecting this alternative, and any automatic reasons why this alternative should not be selected (legal issues, rules, etc.). 6. Determine a course of action.

80. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Some questions are simply not in the realm of science. Can science answer all questions? Such questions may involve decisions regarding good versus evil, ugly versus beautiful, or similar judgements.

81. Using DDT

82. Scientific Research Pure science- Scientific study that is carried out mainly for the sake of knowledge—with no immediate interest in applying the results to daily living Applied Science- work in research that has obvious and immediate applications Pure Science that becomes applied water treatment plants, Vaccinations & antibiotics high-yielding crops brain scan are indirect results of research done by scientists in many different fields over hundreds of years.

83. Can technology solve all problems? Technology is the application of scientific research to society’s needs and problems. Science and technology will never answer all of the questions we ask, nor will they solve all of our problems.

84. Technology has helped increase the production of food, reduced the amount of manual labor needed to make products and raise crops, and aided in the reduction of wastes and environmental pollution. The advance of technology has benefited humans in numerous ways, but it has also resulted in some serious problems.

85. Key Concepts Biologists use controlled experiments to obtain data that either do or do not support a hypothesis. By publishing the results and conclusions of an experiment, a scientist allows others to try to verify the results. Repeated verification over time leads to the development of a theory. Scientific methods are used by scientists to answer questions or solve problems. Scientific methods include observing, making a hypothesis, collecting data, publishing results, forming a theory, developing new hypotheses, and revising the theory.

86. Section 3 Check Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative information. Question 1

87. Quantitative information can be expressed numerically, and may also be used to generate graphs or tables in order to communicate data clearly. Qualitative information is not expressed numerically. Observational data and written descriptions of what scientists observe, are qualitative information. Section 3 Check U.S. Students Enrolled in Physical Education Male Female

88. Section 3 Check Why is the SI system important to scientists? Question 2

89. SI is the International System of Measurement. The use of SI enables scientists anywhere in the world to understand data reported by other scientists, and makes peer review of results easier. SI Base Units Measurement Unit Symbol Lengthmeterm Mass kilogramkg Timeseconds Electric current ampereA Temperaturekelvin K Amount of substancemolemol Intensity of lightcandelacd

90. Which of the following is an SI unit? Question 3 D. yard C. second B. pound A. foot

91. The answer is C. Second is the SI unit of time. SI Base Units Measurement Unit Symbol Lengthmeterm Mass kilogramkg Timeseconds Electric current ampereA Temperaturekelvin K Amount of substancemolemol Intensity of lightcandelacd

92. Section 3 Check Explain how ethics are part of scientific discoveries. Question 4

93. Ethics are a system of moral values or principles of right conduct. The knowledge gained through scientific research is not good or bad, but some applications of scientific knowledge may be considered unacceptable to some people. It is the responsibility of society as a whole to determine the ethical use of scientific discoveries. Section 3 Check

94. How does technology benefit a society? Question 5

95. Technology is the application of scientific research to society's needs and problems. It can result in improvements in such areas as food production, waste and pollution reduction, and medical care. While technology has provided numerous benefits, sometimes problems result as well. Section 3 Check

96. Chapter Summary – 1.1 Biology is the organized study of living things and their interactions with their natural and physical environments. All living things have four characteristics in common: organization, reproduction, growth and development, and the ability to adjust to the environment. What is biology?

97. Chapter Summary – 1.2 Biologists use controlled experiments to obtain data that either do or do not support a hypothesis. By publishing the results and conclusions of an experiment, a scientist allows others to try to verify the results. Repeated verification over time leads to the development of a theory. The Methods of Biology

98. Chapter Summary – 1.2 The Methods of Biology Scientific methods are used by scientists to answer questions or solve problems. Scientific methods include observing, making a hypothesis, collecting data, publishing results, forming a theory, developing new hypotheses, and revising the theory.

99. Chapter Summary – 1.3 Biologists do their work in laboratories and in the field. They collect both quantitative and qualitative data from their experiments and investigations. Scientists conduct investigations to increase knowledge about the natural world. Scientific results may help solve some problems, but not all. The Nature of Biology

100. Chapter Assessment Question 1 What results in an increase in the amount of living material in an organism? D. energy C. stimuli B. development A. growth

101. The answer is A. Growth results in an increase of living material; development refers to the changes that take place during the life of the organism. Chapter Assessment

102. Question 2 Which of the following enables an organism to maintain homeostasis? D. experimentation C. energy B. environment A. evolution

103. The answer is C. Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism's internal environment. Living things maintain homeostasis, as well as grow and develop and reproduce themselves, by using energy from food. Chapter Assessment

104. Question 3 Compare the developments of unicellular and multi-cellular organisms.

105. Both types of organisms grow. However, multi-cellular organisms undergo more changes during their lives, therefore greater development, than do unicellular organisms. Chapter Assessment

106. Question 4 Compare the energy sources of plants and animals.

107. Organisms get their energy from food. Plants make their own food using energy from the Sun. Animals get their energy from plants or from organisms that consume plants. Chapter Assessment

108. Question 5 Which of the following is an example of observational data? What type of data are the other examples? D. average number of panda offspring per adult female C. temperature at which bees cease flying B. number of bees that visit a flower per day A. description of panda behavior

109. The answer is A. The other examples are numerical data. Chapter Assessment

110. Question 6 Which of the following is an appropriate question for science to consider? D. What birds prefer nesting in low shrubs? C. Does breaking a mirror cause bad luck? B. What brand of fertilizer should farmers use? A. Which type of rose produces the most pleasing scent?

111. The answer is D. Questions that involve judgments about beauty or matters of opinion are not in the realm of science. Chapter Assessment

112. Question 7 In a controlled experiment, the __________ is the observed condition that results from the change of the __________. D. independent variable, hypothesis C. dependent variable, control group B. dependent variable, independent variable A. independent variable, dependent variable

113. The answer is B. In a controlled experiment, the condition that is changed is the independent variable. The scientist then observes or measures the dependent variable that results. Chapter Assessment

114. Question 8 Define the term "evolution".

115. Evolution is the gradual change in a species through adaptations that are inherited from previous generations. Chapter Assessment Camel Evolution Age Organism Skull and teeth Paleocene 65 million years ago Eocene 54 million years ago Oligocene 33 million years ago Limb bones Miocene 23 million years ago Present

116. Chapter Assessment Question 9 Why are safety symbols important?

117. It is the responsibility of persons conducting scientific investigations to minimize hazards to themselves and others working around them. Safety symbols warn of any dangers that may exist. Chapter Assessment Sharp Object Safety This symbol appears when a danger of cuts or punctures caused by the use of sharp objects exists. Clothing Protection Safety This symbol appears when substances used could stain or burn clothing. Eye Safety This symbol appears when a danger to the eyes exists. Safety goggles should be worn when this symbol appears. Chemical Safety This symbol appears when chemicals used can cause burns or are poisonous if absorbed through the skin.

118. Chapter Assessment Question 10 Is technology always beneficial? Give examples to support your answer.

119. Technological advances have benefited humans in numerous ways but have also resulted in some serious problems. For example, fertilizer that boosts crop production can also pollute water. Value judgments must be made as to how to utilize technology while protecting the environment.

120. Chapter Summary – 1.1 Biology is the organized study of living things and their interactions with their natural and physical environments. All living things have four characteristics in common: organization, reproduction, growth and development, and the ability to adjust to the environment. What is biology?

121. Chapter Summary – 1.2 Biologists use controlled experiments to obtain data that either do or do not support a hypothesis. By publishing the results and conclusions of an experiment, a scientist allows others to try to verify the results. Repeated verification over time leads to the development of a theory. The Methods of Biology

122. Chapter Summary – 1.2 The Methods of Biology Scientific methods are used by scientists to answer questions or solve problems. Scientific methods include observing, making a hypothesis, collecting data, publishing results, forming a theory, developing new hypotheses, and revising the theory.

123. Chapter Summary – 1.3 Biologists do their work in laboratories and in the field. They collect both quantitative and qualitative data from their experiments and investigations. Scientists conduct investigations to increase knowledge about the natural world. Scientific results may help solve some problems, but not all. The Nature of Biology