1. EELS analysis of carbon structures Nanotube seminar 2005. 05. 09. Gergely Kovách MTA MFA

2. Electron spectroscopy -EELS, electron energy loss is characteristical to the material -XPS, binding energy of C1s (284.6eV, 285.4eV) core level electron, energy loss of core level electron

3. Electron energy loss in solids a – zero loss b – fonons c – band transitions d – surface plasmons e – bulk plasmons f – inner shell absorption edge

4. Hybridization of C atoms -Energy difference in hybridized orbitals -Broadening of  bonds -Also valid for amorphous structure -Pre edge feature in C1s-2p absorption 1s-2p(  *)

5. Core level absorption spectra of C samples DLC Graphite Evap. C J. Yuan, Micron 515 (2000) STEM at 100 kV sp 2 /sp 3 obtained from peak intensity

6. Polarization of 1s-2p z transition Anisotropic response of 1s-2p dipole transition -> difficulties in quantitative analysis

7. sp 2 /sp 3 ratio: Plasmon energy shift

8. sp 2 /sp 3 ratio: using reference material

9. sp 2 /sp 3 ratio: C1s binding energy

10. Own measurements

11. References J. Robertson, Mat. Sci. and Eng. R 37 (2002) 129-281 P. J. Fallon, V. S. Veerasamy, C. A. Davis, J. Robertson, G. A. J. Amaratunga, W. I. Milne, J. Koskinen Phys. Rev. B 48, 4777–4782 (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48, 4777 (1993)Phys. Rev. B 48, 4777 (1993) R.F.Egerton, Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Electron Microscope (1986) J. Bruley, L.M. Brown and S.D. Berger. Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 78 (1985), p. 561. S. D. Berger, D. R. McKenzie, and P. J. Martin, Philos. Mag. Lett. 57, 285 (1988) [CAS][INSPEC].CASINSPEC J. Kulik et. al. Phys. Rev. B Vol. 52, No. 22. 15812 (1995) J. Yuan, L.M. Brown, Micron 31 (2000) 515 G. Kovach, H. Csorbai, G.Z. Radnoczi, et al., Mat. Sci. Forum 414-4: 127-132, 2003 Properties of high-density amorphous carbon films deposited by laser ablation Properties of high-density amorphous carbon films deposited by laser ablation S. Rey et. al. Appl. Phys. A 71 433 (2000) [14] Y. Lifshitz, Diam. Rel. Mat. 8, 1659 (1999) Phys. Rev. B 48, 4777–4782 (1993) http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v48/i7/p4777_1 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v48/i7/p4777_1 D. L. Pappas, K. L. Saenger, J. Bruley, W. Krakow and J. J. Cuomo, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 5675 (1992) [ADS][ SPIN][ INSPEC];J. Appl. Phys. 71, 5675 (1992)ADSSPININSPEC J. J. Cuomo et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 466 (1991) [ADS][CAS][ SPIN][ INSPEC].Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 466 (1991)ADSCASSPININSPEC J. Kulik et al., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 5063 (1994) [ADS][CAS][ SPIN][INSPEC].J. Appl. Phys. 76, 5063 (1994)ADSCASSPININSPEC