1. Presented by: Chaitanya K. Sambhara Paper by: Karl Mayer and Wolfgang Fritsche IABG mbH Germany - Instructor : Dr Yingshu Li

2. Why this topic ? Sensor networks are becoming more and important in various application areas. Sensor networks are becoming more and important in various application areas. These networks will require the internet connection. These networks will require the internet connection. One of the major applications could be disaster management. One of the major applications could be disaster management.

4. Introduction With growing wireless technology sensors are allowed to be mobile and move around a sensor network. With growing wireless technology sensors are allowed to be mobile and move around a sensor network. In IEEE 802.15 working group wireless technologies for WPAN’s are under development and standardization. In IEEE 802.15 working group wireless technologies for WPAN’s are under development and standardization.

5. Core Difference IP for a general network is not designed with constraints in mind. IP for a general network is not designed with constraints in mind. Sensor networks face a lot more requirements and constraints on communication protocols. Sensor networks face a lot more requirements and constraints on communication protocols.

6. Why this idea came? Integrating WSNs with wired or wireless IP- based infrastructures could play a revolutionary role. Integrating WSNs with wired or wireless IP- based infrastructures could play a revolutionary role. Internet is obviously the biggest known network. Internet is obviously the biggest known network.

7. Aim In order to realize IP-enabled sensor networks we need to know – In order to realize IP-enabled sensor networks we need to know – How to adapt IP networking to the constraints of WSNs. How to adapt IP networking to the constraints of WSNs. How to integrate IP-enabled sensor networks into the internet. How to integrate IP-enabled sensor networks into the internet.

8. Scope for this Traditionally sensor networks are not IP-enabled. Hence we require proxies.

9. Problems with this approach Network address needs to be translated. Network address needs to be translated. We will need to develop new control and communication protocols that would be already standardized for IP communication We will need to develop new control and communication protocols that would be already standardized for IP communication

10. What we need Sensor networks with IP support which can integrate with WAN’s since they could be considered just another part of the internet Sensor networks with IP support which can integrate with WAN’s since they could be considered just another part of the internet Applications that require direct communication between nodes in the internet. Applications that require direct communication between nodes in the internet. No special proxies should be needed to be installed. No special proxies should be needed to be installed.

11. Another Approach Gateways can be deployed that interconnect WAN infrastructures and wireless sensor nodes. Gateways can be deployed that interconnect WAN infrastructures and wireless sensor nodes.

12. Applications of this technology The need for early detection to limit the disaster impact. The need for early detection to limit the disaster impact. The need for becoming aware of the extend of the disaster The need for becoming aware of the extend of the disaster Establishment of a communication infrastructure Establishment of a communication infrastructure Detection of injured people that require medical care Detection of injured people that require medical care Detection of dangerous goods (e.g. toxin or explosive Detection of dangerous goods (e.g. toxin or explosive material) that need special treatment. material) that need special treatment.

13. Applications of this technology Temperature sensors could be used to determine the movement of fires and microphones and cameras could be used to detect injured and non-injured people that need evacuation. Temperature sensors could be used to determine the movement of fires and microphones and cameras could be used to detect injured and non-injured people that need evacuation. The attributes are independent of each other because disasters are often accompanied by a non-existing or a destroyed infrastructure. The attributes are independent of each other because disasters are often accompanied by a non-existing or a destroyed infrastructure.

14. Required Functionalities Specification of IP over sensor network technologies Specification of IP over sensor network technologies Ad hoc networking Ad hoc networking Auto configuration Auto configuration

15. Auto Configuration To become ready for communication at network layer, sensor network nodes need to be configured with several parameters, e.g. IP addresses. To become ready for communication at network layer, sensor network nodes need to be configured with several parameters, e.g. IP addresses. This can be realized manually or through Auto configuration This can be realized manually or through Auto configuration

16. Advantages of Auto Configuration Sensor networks may consist of hundreds of nodes, making manual configuration impossible Sensor networks may consist of hundreds of nodes, making manual configuration impossible Enables IP nodes to become communication ready without user involvement. Enables IP nodes to become communication ready without user involvement.

17. Basic requirements of auto configurations Sensor networks are envisaged to be set up in an ad hoc fashion. Sensor networks are envisaged to be set up in an ad hoc fashion. Nodes may be mobile as well Nodes may be mobile as well Flexibility of ad hoc sensor networks need to be taken in to account. Flexibility of ad hoc sensor networks need to be taken in to account.

18. Basic requirements of auto configurations Scope of auto-configuration Scope of auto-configuration Address auto-configuration Address auto-configuration Gateway discovery Gateway discovery Service Discovery Service Discovery

19. Mobility Management The point of attachment of the sensor network to the Internet could be fix or dynamic. The point of attachment of the sensor network to the Internet could be fix or dynamic. The roaming of moving networks between different geographic locations is often handled by the subnet technology in use The roaming of moving networks between different geographic locations is often handled by the subnet technology in use

20. Mobility Management For scalability reasons, IP addressing in the Internet is location dependent and IP prefixes and addresses are assigned in a hierarchical way. For scalability reasons, IP addressing in the Internet is location dependent and IP prefixes and addresses are assigned in a hierarchical way. Routers in the Internet learn from IP destination addresses where to route a packet to Routers in the Internet learn from IP destination addresses where to route a packet to

21. Network Mobility

22. Security Security is a major concern in every part of the Internet, covering e.g. authentication, authorization, and access control, integrity protection, encryption, intrusion detection, denial of service prevention. Security is a major concern in every part of the Internet, covering e.g. authentication, authorization, and access control, integrity protection, encryption, intrusion detection, denial of service prevention. New lightweight security mechanisms appropriate for sensor networks have to be used. New lightweight security mechanisms appropriate for sensor networks have to be used.

23. REALIZATION OF AN IPV6-ENABLED SENSOR NETWORK CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET In the disaster management scenario sensor nodes are deployed on demand in an ad hoc fashion, measuring temperature or detecting vital signs, and communicate with a central disaster management centre somewhere in the Internet. In the disaster management scenario sensor nodes are deployed on demand in an ad hoc fashion, measuring temperature or detecting vital signs, and communicate with a central disaster management centre somewhere in the Internet. The sensor network is connected via a gateway to the WAN infrastructure. The sensor network is connected via a gateway to the WAN infrastructure.

24. Proposed Architecture Protocol stack of an IPv6-enabled sensor node. Protocol stack of an IPv6-enabled sensor node.

25. Proposed Architecture Gateway router Gateway router

26. Proposed Architecture Network Architecture Network Architecture

27. Conclusion Benefit of IP-enabled sensor networks connected to the Internet in the scenario of disaster management Benefit of IP-enabled sensor networks connected to the Internet in the scenario of disaster management We discussed required functions in such system like IP support over the respective sensor link technology, ad hoc networking, auto- configuration, mobility management and security. We discussed required functions in such system like IP support over the respective sensor link technology, ad hoc networking, auto- configuration, mobility management and security.

28. Conclusion For most required functions so far just first ideas exist and further research and development effort is required until standardization. For most required functions so far just first ideas exist and further research and development effort is required until standardization.

29. Reference IP-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks and their integration into the Internet IP-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks and their integration into the Internet By : Karl Mayer and Wolfgang Fritsche, IABG mbH, Germany IABG mbH, Germany

30. Suggestions/ Question time Suggestions/ Question time