1. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 1 Development Methodology for an Integrated Legal Cadastre Report on PhD Research GISt lunch meeting João Paulo Hespanha 2007-09-06

2. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 2 Overview Background (introducing myself) Former graduations Professional life Academia – lecturing and projects PhD Research Research context – Portuguese Cadastre Aim and Research Questions Subject Areas – State of the Art Current status Short and medium term schedule

3. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 3 Researcher’s academic ID card Licenciatura ( BSc): geological engineering, specialization on geophysical prospection, at University of Aveiro, Portugal (1983- 1988); Participation, as junior researcher, in EU-funded Projects: Photogeological interpretation of Ria de Aveiro intertidal area; Map production for the National Geological Map Series (1989-1990); MSc course: Integrated Geoinformation Production, at ITC- Enschede (1991-1992). Master thesis on “Data quality assessment on a Geographic Information System”.

4. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 4 Professional Life As a technician of UNAVE – Training and Research Association of University of Aveiro (1993-1997): Participation on the first digital topographic and cadastral mapping projects open to private companies; Lectured a number of short and long duration training courses in the field of GIS technology; Participation on a number of EU-funded international research projects in the field of GIS applications development, with partners from academia and private enterprises (PT, ES, GR).

5. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 5 Academia – Lecturing and Projects Since 1998 is a staff member of Technology and Management Polytechnic School of Agueda – Adjunct Professor position Has been responsible for a number of disciplines of the Geographical Engineering BSc (from its inception); Currently responsible for the Property Cadastre Project and associated disciplines – after adoption of PLE 1, Aalborg style; Following Bologna reform, the new course curriculum is more focused on Business Informatics. 1- Project Led Education

6. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 6 PhD research context Portuguese Cadastre – current projects Land Register Information System (SIRP): informatics is being progressively adopted at land register offices “Conservatorias”; newly created records are stored at a central government database. There are no geometric records within this database; SINErGIC Project: led by the Portuguese Geographical Institute, officially responsible for the Cadastre. Aims at developing a national information system for the cadastre, involving IGP, the Land Register, the tax national agency (DGI) and Municipalities.

7. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 7 Portuguese Cadastral Situation First generation digital cadastre: It only covers five municipalities in the Continent, and never reached full legal status. The data structure evolved from separate alphanumeric and graphic components to GIS-platform implementations, but was never maintained. Digitizing the (old) rural cadastre: The rural property cadastre covers the southern half of the territory and has a fiscal purpose. Graphic data is being digitized and integrated in the GIS-platform. This data set is now mostly outdated; cadastral renewal operations should update it to the new cadastral structure.

8. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 8 Cadastral Maps - example

9. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 9 Cadastral Maps – example (2) Intense fragmentation on a Forest area. Parcel on the left upper corner is possibly state-owned.

10. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 10 Cadastral Maps – examples (3) Cadastral coverage within each regional office of IGP

11. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 11 Portuguese Land Register situation Coverage: There are hundreds of offices distributed all over the country, at least one by municipality. Due to its non-mandatory character, in Rural areas just 20% of the Parcels are registered, while in dense urban centers the majority of Parcel (Units) are registered. Obligation to register: Up to the 1984 code revision, obligation to register was applied just to very specific cases, like a mortgage. After that, any property transaction involving costs should be registered. However, in municipalities with the rural cadastre, a full obligation has been imposed since earlier times. Provisional D.L. 224/2007 situation: The 1984 code guidelines are maintained. Any Parcel which is not harmonized with the legal and fiscal register is considered “transitory cadastre”. Not to confound with non-cadastral area.

12. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 12 Thesis Aim and Context Thesis Aim: Propose a Cadastral System Development Methodology capable to achieve an effective and efficient legal cadastre as a core to support other main functions of the Cadastral System, namely Valuation (for Tax purposes) and issuing of Permits (by the Municipalities). Pre-requisites (context): Main institutions involved are already in place, while not achieving good performance in the cadastral function. Specifically, we have: A Land Register Code supported on a Civil Code and traditional Rights in Rem, derived from Roman Law; Cadastral surveying regulations being updated regularly; A Valuation regulation annexed to the Tax on Immovable Code; Law regimes for Urbanization and Building which are applied locally (by the Municipalities).

13. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 13 Research questions Main (tentative): How can a system development methodology achieve an integrated legal cadastre, while addressing its socio-technical nature, and thus the interrelations between the technical, legal and organisational aspects? Assumptions: The system development methodology should rely heavily on existent modelling and spatial data exchange international standards; The integrated legal cadastre should be able to support the functions identified in the thesis aim, which coincide with the SINErGIC vision.

14. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 14 Research questions - detailed How to implement an enriched semantic model (through spatial and aspatial constraints and spatial profiles) on current SDBMS? Furthermore, how can this enriched model support integrated update procedures in an Editor environment? What type of consistency checks should be implemented on such model? Which methodological steps should be taken to cope with new land related rights and regulations?

15. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 15 Thesis subject areas (Geo) Informatics: Information theory and System Development Methodologies; OO programming and modelling languages; Geographic information technology and standards, including cadastral survey and mapping; Spatial data base management systems; Web services and the Semantic Web; Private Law: Legal doctrine related to real rights; Land Register code and related legal procedures; Public Administration: Public Law and legal regimes related to local government functions on Land Administration.

16. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 16 State-of-the-Art (considering just the technical aspects) Model Driven Architecture as foundation to support implementation using CASE tools, considering the following technical aspects: DDL and OCL definition languages; Spatial-enabled UML Profiles based on existent standards (ISO, GML, Inspire); Use of current Spatial Databases to implement model components through standard interchange formats (GML, XSD, XMI); Implementing Web Services (using e.g., asp.net or higher level environments like ArcGIS WebADF).

17. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 17 Current Status Literature review Research articles, PhD and MSc dissertations, conference presentations (mainly in digital format) were gathered on the subject areas already referred; Portuguese documentation regarding Land Registration and Cadastre was gathered in the form of paper books and articles, being significantly scarce on the cadastral area. Case Study – Current Cadastral and Land Register situation in Portugal Partial reports of the current situation were inserted as context information into the two research articles developed so far, complemented with minor reports and briefings.

18. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 18 Current Status (2) Pilot Project – Implementing CCDM into the Portuguese Cadastre Following slides show the class model derived from CCDM, which already includes some implementation concerns regarding ArcGIS Geodatabase, and also the resulting cadastral structure for Ilhavo Municipality (using ArcMap).

19. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 19 Pilot Project – data structure Classes to be mapped into alphanumeric tables

20. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 20 Pilot Project – data structure (2)

21. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 21 Pilot Project – ArcGIS implementation

22. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 22 Current status (3) Research Articles João Paulo Hespanha, Peter van Oosterom, Jaap Zevenbergen and Gonçalo Paiva Dias, A Modular Standard for the Cadastral Domain: Application to the Portuguese Cadastre. Published in CEUS, Vol.30 N.5, Sept. 2006, pp. 562-584; João Paulo Hespanha, Mónica Jardim, Jesper Paasch, Jaap Zevenbergen, Modelling Legal and Administrative Cadastral Domain – Implementing into Portuguese Legal Framework. Unpublished.

23. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 23 Current status (4) Legal Model Private Law, positive side. Rigths in Rem in Portuguese law.

24. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 24 Current status (5) Legal Model, Object diagram Relationship between Legal and Administrative classes and other CCDM classes (following usual colour schema), for the Superficies Real Right.

25. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 25 Short term schedule (Aug.-Dec. 07) Perform model integration on Enterprise Architect, in such a way an integrated “Land Administration Domain Model – Portuguese Implementation” would emerge. Study last specification of OCL; examine diagram examples using OCL and apply it to the integrated model implementation; Study Data Definition Language (DDL) and data model diagramming with Enterprise Architect. Generate a data model for the integrated implementation; Study existent versions of spatial data enabled UML Profiles in order to derive a new Enterprise Architect UML Profile suited for the Cadastral Domain; Perform a sort of “regressive” analysis in order to depict context and detailed levels of Use Case diagrams, based on previous work for SICAVIM Project. Such Use Cases should detail activities concerning several cadastral update procedures; Cadastral update procedures should be further detailed through Activity Diagrams, where cadastral, legal and administrative objects belonging to the integrated model should be depicted;

26. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies 26 Medium term schedule (2008) A complete CASE tool solution should be seek, that implements a spatial data base upon the new UML Profile and including encoding of Constraints; Obtained implementation should be tested in an Editor environment, in which objects can be modified (created or destroyed); The cadastral data set gathered so far for the Pilot Project should be complemented with legal (Land Register) and administrative (Municipal) data concerning a specific urbanization procedure; Results obtained should be reported in the form of a Thesis draft, following the previously approved outline.