2. Foreign Language Enrollment Trends Trendy Languages Dennis Looney Modern Language Association Vanderbilt University Center for Second Language Studies

3. Language Enrollments by Year, Excluding Latin and Ancient Greek Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

4. Modern Language Association Total Enrollments, MLA Surveys of Foreign Language Enrollments, 1990–2013

5. Modern Language Association Undergraduate Enrollments, MLA Surveys of Foreign Language Enrollments, 1990–2013

6. Modern Language Association Postgraduate Enrollments, MLA Surveys of Foreign Language Enrollments, 1990–2013

7. Enrollments in Spanish Compared with Those of All Other Languages Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

8. Modern Language Association

9. Enrollments in French, ASL, German, and Italian Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

11. Enrollments in Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Latin, and Russian Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

13. Enrollments in Hebrew, Ancient Greek, Portuguese, and Korean Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

14. Undergraduate Language Course Enrollments in Four-Year Colleges (Languages in Descending Order of 2013 Totals) Language197419771980198319861990199519982002200620092013 % Change 2009-13 % Change 1974-2013 Spanish265,179274,375276,900290,215314,861391,972434,507473,269522,398587,212615,326580,480-5.7118.9 French209,632203,745205,477223,411228,803221,862168,642165,384164,425169,940176,146163,257-7.3-22.1 German127,639113,301106,578106,812101,314110,19880,63874,81976,69079,01181,19875,218-7.4-41.1 Italian26,62526,75928,25431,32133,77840,65736,27541,25651,89864,35866,12759,689-9.7124.2 ASL*4398524,29722,77234,34839,40756,06542.3-- Japanese7,0637,8898,52112,34117,96634,63533,94532,62838,72348,87453,79651,618-4.0630.8 Chinese8,3287,6879,04810,84014,08715,09021,01422,54627,03441,72549,64151,4333.6517.6 Arabic1,6142,4462,8622,5552,6802,8743,8073,9028,20518,63327,94626,497-5.21,541.7 Latin23,54323,02123,72722,85723,73926,31124,04324,45427,79830,18929,99625,349-15.57.7 Russian29,01825,08421,77627,73230,90439,29121,40520,64720,50921,64523,53619,399-17.6-33.1 Portuguese4,5124,2114,1923,8754,4415,4215,3595,9587,1749,0339,87111,20113.5148.2 Korean671353225688452,1882,9433,5464,0455,6657,01810,19545.315,116.4 Greek, Ancient18,64020,06217,10614,28012,91211,41611,80911,82414,25216,34715,3399,940-35.2-46.7 Hebrew, Biblical** 2,4252,4215,6489,0088,5018,5337,902-7.4-- Hebrew, Modern** 6,1286,4016,1207,6838,4427,4986,121-18.4-- Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

15. Enrollments in the Fourteen Leading Languages Language1960196819801990199519982002200620092013 % Change 1960 - 2013 Spanish179,892363,389378,952534,143606,286649,245745,215822,094861,008790,756339.6 French229,640386,694248,303273,116205,351199,064201,985206,014215,244197,757-13.9 ASL*-- 1,6024,30411,42060,78179,70892,072109,577-- German146,950215,883127,015133,59496,26389,01391,10094,14795,62886,700-41.0 Italian11,08430,73234,79349,82443,76049,28763,89978,17680,32271,285543.1 Japanese1,7544,32211,51645,83044,72343,14152,23865,40372,35966,7403,705.0 Chinese6795,06111,36619,42726,47128,45634,15351,38159,87661,0558,891.9 Arabic5159183,4713,6834,4445,50510,58423,98734,90832,2866,169.1 Latin**--34,08425,01928,17825,89726,14529,84132,16432,44427,192-- Russian31,12241,28023,98744,47624,72923,79123,92124,77026,75321,962-29.4 Hebrew***3,8399,20119,29012,96613,08315,80722,77423,72922,05619,249401.4 Greek, Ancient**--19,17822,13216,41416,27216,38120,37622,83120,04012,917-- Portuguese1,0344,0484,8946,1186,5316,9268,38510,31011,27312,4151,100.7 Korean168703652,3753,3434,4795,2117,1468,44912,2297,179.2 Total606,6771,114,860911,1031,171,7461,121,4571,168,6601,370,4631,541,8601,632,4321,522,120150.9 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

16. Percentage of Total Language Course Enrollments for the Fourteen Most Commonly Taught Languages in 2013 Language 19681980199019952002200620092013 Spanish32.341.045.153.253.452.251.450.6 French34.426.923.018.014.513.112.912.7 ASL--0.10.44.45.15.57.0 German19.213.711.38.56.56.05.75.5 Italian2.73.84.23.84.65.04.84.6 Japanese0.41.23.9 3.74.24.3 Chinese0.51.21.62.32.43.33.63.9 Arabic0.10.40.30.40.81.52.1 Latin3.02.72.42.32.12.01.91.7 Russian3.72.63.82.21.71.6 1.4 Hebrew*0.82.11.1 1.61.51.31.2 Greek, Ancient1.72.41.4 1.51.41.20.8 Portuguese0.40.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Korean0.010.040.20.30.40.5 0.8 Other languages0.81.41.21.51.82.12.52.6 Total percentage100 Total enrollments1,124,021924,3371,185,4651,138,7721,395,8071,575,7151,673,5431,562,179

17. Graduate Language Enrollments Excluding Latin and Ancient Greek Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

18. Percentages of Introductory and Advanced Undergraduate Enrollments in the Top Fifteen Languages, 2006, 2009, and 2013

19. Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

20. Percentages of Introductory and Advanced Undergraduate Enrollments in the Top Fifteen Languages, 2006, 2009, and 2013

21. Modern Language Enrollments per 100 US College Students Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

22. Number of Institutions Reporting Enrollments in Arabic, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish, by Level

24. Number of Institutions Reporting Enrollments in Arabic, by Level Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

25. Undergraduate Enrollments in Arabic Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

26. Graduate Enrollments in Arabic Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

27. Number of Institutions Reporting Enrollments in Japanese, by Level Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

28. Modern Language Association

29. Number of Institutions Reporting Enrollments in Korean, by Level Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

31. Number of Institutions Reporting Enrollments in Spanish, by Level Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

32. Undergraduate enrollments--68.9% increase, 1974 to 2013 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

33. Graduate enrollments--17.0% decline, 1974 to 2013 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

34. Percentage of Programs with Decreasing, Stable, or Increasing Enrollments, 2009–2013 Program Level % Change in Enrollments Decreasing Enrollments Stable* Enrollments Increasing Enrollments Stable or Increasing Enrollments Arabic All Levels–7.546.711.441.953.3 Graduate–20.142.433.324.257.6 French All Levels–8.151.610.537.948.4 Graduate–24.740.332.826.959.7 German All Levels–9.353.610.835.646.4 Graduate–24.649.226.224.650.8 *The percentage of programs with stable enrollments includes those with changes of plus or minus 2 enrollments. Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

36. Selected LCTLs Selected Years (MLA) 196019701980199019952002200620092013 Armenian* 56 42 231 255 217 607 882 862 826 Dakota/Lakota* 166 159 476 610 644 913 743 Greek* 139 251 800 835 538 804 1,323 1,982 1,157 Hawai'ian 65 251 610 913 1,890 1,687 1,654 2,006 2,419 Navajo 154 225 186 832 783 649 914 854 Norwegian* 722 1,084 1,616 845 624 777 782 831 762 Pilipino/Filipino/ Tagalog* 1 31 263 342 680 1,142 1,569 1,360 1,323 Polish 541 734 1,268 888 802 1,053 1,381 1,251 871 Ukrainian 59 65 111 69 84 126 103 74 59 Vietnamese 38 18 74 327 1,010 2,236 2,485 2,712 2,095 Yiddish 13 257 944 347 656 438 976 331 251 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

37. Two-Year and Four-Year LCTL enrollments Language 197419771980198319861990199519982002200620092013 Armenian 2-year4457104 36856780318489537512 4-year6792113129108164140233278390324313 ASL 2-year 1,1403,3946,96037,88844,59251,83050,871 4-year 4398524,29722,77234,34839,40756,065 Farsi/Persian 2-year 4-year2075136473592372953903177441,5281,7992,044 Hawai'ian 2-year150300193213199299635645667549556669 4-year4055744172822426141,2551,3441,0141,0781,3511,663 Korean 2-year 224260 1411696241,0551,2441,0791,377 4-year671353225688452,1882,9433,5464,0455,6657,01810,195 Navajo 2-year1882617388312594657169198183245176 4-year39919315214014892175127585464665678 Vietnamese 2-year 5042561694893851,1851,2031,4651,079 4-year192019431181513904911,0031,2611,2311,007 Yiddish 2-year 1173225315 4-year1,0611,015793425388322614324414932301230 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

38. US Decennial Census (ACS in 2010) 196019701980199020002010 Armenian* 37,270 38,323 100,634 149,694202,708223,914 Dakota/Lakota* 15,400 17,720 Greek* 180,781 193,745 401,443 388,260365,440321,144 Hawai'ian26,607 Navajo 170,717178,020169,988 Norwegian* 152,687 94,365 34,903 80,723 40,637 Pilipino/Filipino/ Tagalog* 73,500 152,498 474,150 746,4431,224,2451,542,118 Polish 581,936 419,912 820,647 723,483843,251604,234 Ukrainian 106,974 96,635 70,117 96,568129,180134,506 Vietnamese 197,588 507,0691,009,6251,292,448 Yiddish 503,605 438,116 315,953 213,064178,945154,433 Source: Language Enrollment Database, 1958–2013. Modern Language Association.

40. Modern Language Association

41. For more information, please visit our website For the current report: http://www.mla.org/enrollments_surveys To search the Language Enrollment Database: http://www.mla.org/flsurvey_search http://www.mla.org/flsurvey_search MLA Language Map: http://arcgis.mla.org/mla/default.aspx http://arcgis.mla.org/mla/default.aspx