1. 5th World Water Forum Istanbul March 2009 Water for energy, energy for water: The water footprints Prof. Torkil Jønch Clausen DHI Water Policy

2. Energy and Water Development Water for energy Energy and power production requires water:  Thermoelectric cooling  Hydropower  Minerals extraction and mining  Fuel production (fossil, non-fossil and bio-fuels)  Emission controls Energy for water Water production, processing, distribution, and end-use requires energy:  Pumping  Transport  Treatment  Raw water (GW,SW)  Desalination Water footprints for energy development Energy footprints for water development

3. Water consumption - before the era of biofuels! Where will the extra water come from? We need to increase the efficiency of water use Source: Shiklomanov; ”World Water Resources at the beginning of the 21st century”, IHP-UNESCO, 2000

4. Water & Traditional Energy

5. Freshwater Withdrawals

6. Preamble 16 of EU Water Framework Directive “Further integration of protection and sustainable management of water into other Community policy areas such as energy, transport, agriculture, fisheries, regional policy and tourism is necessary. This Directive should provide a basis for a continued dialogue and for the development of strategies towards a further integration of policy areas.” Integration? – not yet

7. Water Footprints: A policy tool? A ”water footprint” is the amount of water consumed to provide a good or service. For energy: based on water consumed for –Production/extraction of raw materials –Refining raw fuels –Producing energy at a power plant

8. Water Footprints : some everyday examples ProductWater consumed ProductWater consumed (liters) (liters) 1 glass beer 75 1 cup coffee 140 1 glass milk 200 1 cotton T-shirt2000 1 hamburger2400 1 liter bio-ethanol 2500 1 pair leather shoes8000

9. Water footprints for energy: Water consumed by energy type Energy type Water consumed (m3/MWh) Wind0.001 Gas1 Coal2 Nuclear2.5 Oil/Petrol4 Hydropower68 Bio-fuel, 1 st gen. (corn, US)184 Bio-fuel, 1 st gen. (sugar, Brazil)293 Sources: DHI Water Policy, 2008

10. Thank you tjc@dhigroup.com