1. BMR and Metabolism

2. What is METABOLISM? Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical processes that occurs in organisms. This includes not only how quickly you digest your food, but a whole collection of processes in your body such as building muscle, breaking down glucose into usable energy, formation of lipids from fatty acids.

3. Two Types of Metabolism 1.Catabolism - the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy. Ex: glucose for energy, burning fat, breaking down tissue (aging) Glycogen glucose + energy ATPADP + P (releasing energy)

4. 2. Anabolism - the phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized or built up into the more complex materials of living tissue Ex: formation of protein from amino acids, storing energy, building muscle or tissue Glucose + energy glycogen (ATP)

5. How Does It Work? Metabolism is a constant process When people eat they take in energy (in the form of sugar), along with other vital cell-building chemicals. The body breaks the sugar down so that the energy released can be distributed to and used as fuel by the body's cells.

6. How Does It Work? After food is eaten, enzymes break proteins down into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g., glucose). Amino acids and fatty acids can also be used as energy sources The compounds are absorbed into the blood, which transports them to the cells.

7. How Does It Work? After they enter the cells, other enzymes act to speed up or regulate the chemical reactions involved with "metabolizing" these compounds. The energy from these compounds can be released for use by the body or stored in body tissues, especially the liver, muscles, and body fat.

8. How Does It Work? Metabolism involves two kinds of activities that go on at the same time - the building up of body tissues and for energy and the breaking down of body tissues to generate more fuel for body functions.

9. What is BMR? BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate BMR is a measure of the rate at which a person's body "burns" energy, in the form of calories, while at rest. BMR can play a role in weight gain.

10. What is BMR? Ex: A person with a low BMR (who burns fewer calories while at rest) will gain more pounds of body fat over time, compared to a similar-sized person with an average BMR who eats the same amount of food and gets the same amount of exercise

11. What Influences BMR? Genetics Health problems Activity level – exercise Body composition – lean muscle Gender – men have more lean muscle Age – development vs. maintenance Body Temperature/Body Size Energy Supply - During time of famine the body automatically lowers its metabolic rate for a “starvation diet”

12. How to Calculate BMR 1.Convert body weight kilograms Weight in Pounds Weight in Pounds 2.2 2.2 2.Females - Multiply step #1 by 0.9 Males - Multiply step #1 by 1.0 Males - Multiply step #1 by 1.0 3. Multiply step #2 by 24 to get basic kcals needed/day

13. Example Jessie weighs 125 lbs. What is her BMR? 1. Convert body weight kilograms Weight in Pounds 2.2 2.2 2.Females - Multiply step #1 by 0.9 56.82 x 0.9 = 51.14 3. Multiply step #2 by 24 51.14 x 24 = 1227.3 kcals/day (BMR) = 125 lbs/2.2 = 56.82

14. Finding Basic kcal Needs After find the BMR, you will adjust this figure by adding the number of Calories burned during daily activities. Ex: Henry’s BMR is 1575. He ran for 1 hour on the treadmill. Each minute he burned 10 Calories. What is his new calorie requirement? 10 Calories x 60 minutes = 600 Calories 1575 + 600 = 2175

15. Problem #1 Jared and Sandy danced fast for 15 minutes. For each minute danced, they each burned 4 calories. Jared’s BMR is 1775 and Sandy’s is 1552. What are their TOTAL calorie requirements? 4 calories x 15 minutes = 60 calories Jared = 1775 + 60 = 1835 calories Sandy = 1552 + 60 = 1612 calories 1835 + 1612 = 3447 calories together

16. Problem #2 Bethany weighs 112 pounds. Most days she requires a 25% increase in calories over her typical needs. What is her new calorie requirement? BMR = 112/2.2 = 50.9 50.9 x 0.9 = 45.81 50.9 x 0.9 = 45.81 45.81 x 24 = 1099.4 45.81 x 24 = 1099.4 1099.4 x.25 = 274.86 1099.4 x.25 = 274.86 1099.4 + 274.86 = 1374.26 calories 1099.4 + 274.86 = 1374.26 calories