1. Getting to California progressivism – fixing government so it was more responsive to the needs of the people muckrakers – journalists who investigated poor social conditions and political corruption in America direct primary – people vote for their political party’s candidates rather than have them picked by the elite initiative – allows citizens to propose legislation (laws) to the state legislatures and ask them to vote on it referendum – legislation submitted to the voters for approval recall – allows voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office 17th Amendment (1913)–Senate to be elected directly by the people (no longer the state legislatures) Socialism, the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole Ch 13 Sec 1 – The Roots of Progressivism

2. Intro 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Discuss the rise of the Progressive movement.  Evaluate the impact of initiative, referendum, and recall and of the Seventeenth Amendment. Section 1: The Roots of Progressivism

3. Section 1-1 Guide to Reading Progressivism was a diverse response to the problems posed by industrialism and modern life.  progressivism  Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Terms and Names muckraker  Jacob Riis  commission plan  Robert La Follette  direct primary  initiative  referendum  recall 

4. Section 1-5 The Rise of Progressivism Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The era in American history from about 1890 to 1920 is known as the Progressive Era. Progressivism was a collection of different ideas and activities about how to fix the problems within American society. (pages 418–420)

5. Section 1-5 The Rise of Progressivism Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Progressives disagreed among themselves on the solutions, but agreed that the government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems caused by urbanization and industrialization. (pages 418–420) Muckrackers Suffragettes Populists Temperance Middle Class Women Labor Unions Civil Rights

6. Section 1-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Progressives believed that first the government needed to be fixed and made more responsive to people before other problems could be addressed. Progressives also believed that they could fix society’s problems by applying scientific principles to society. The muckrakers were a group of journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption. The Rise of Progressivism (cont.) (pages 418–420)

7. Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Their articles led to public debate on social and economic problems and put pressure on politicians to introduce reforms. Muckraker Jacob Riis focused on social problems in his book How the Other Half Lives, published in 1890. The book described poverty, disease, and crime in many immigrant neighborhoods in New York City. The Rise of Progressivism (cont.) (pages 418–420)

8. Section 1-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Making Government Efficient There were many types of progressivism. Progressives often took opposing sides on issues and on how to solve the problems. One group of progressives believed that problems in society could be solved if government was efficient. They felt that government could become efficient by applying the principles of scientific management. They thought that managing a city required experts, not elected politicians. (page 420)

9. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Progressives wanted to replace the existing system with a commission plan where a board of commissioners or a city manager with expertise in city services would select and hire specialists to run city departments. In 1901 Galveston, Texas, was the first to adopt the commission system. Many cities followed shortly after. Making Government Efficient (cont.) (page 420)

10. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Democracy and Progressivism Many progressives wanted more democracy in society. The governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, criticized how political parties ran their conventions. He pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary, a party election in which all party members vote for a candidate to run in the general election. (page 421)

11. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Three new reforms were introduced by progressives to force state legislators to respond to voter’s concerns. The initiative allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421) PAST Successes of State Initiatives(many were later adopted by Congress)Abolition of poll taxesAid to dependent children, blind, mentally illBottle deposit billsCampaign finance reformsDirect election of US SenatorsDirect primariesFood sales tax exemptionsmedical marijuanaMerit systems for civil servantsMinimum wagesMining reclamationMining severance & oil extraction taxesNuclear FreezeOld age pensionsOpen meetingsProhibiting cyanide miningPublic school fundingState financial auditsSunshine lawsTax limitsTerm limitsVictim rightsWomen's suffrageWorkman's compensationPAST Successes of State Initiatives(many were later adopted by Congress)Abolition of poll taxesAid to dependent children, blind, mentally illBottle deposit billsCampaign finance reformsDirect election of US SenatorsDirect primariesFood sales tax exemptionsmedical marijuanaMerit systems for civil servantsMinimum wagesMining reclamationMining severance & oil extraction taxesNuclear FreezeOld age pensionsOpen meetingsProhibiting cyanide miningPublic school fundingState financial auditsSunshine lawsTax limitsTerm limitsVictim rightsWomen's suffrageWorkman's compensation PAST Successes of State Initiatives Aid to dependent children, blind, mentally ill Bottle deposit bills Campaign finance reforms Direct election of US Senators Direct primaries Food sales tax exemptions Merit systems for civil servants Minimum wages Mining reclamation Mining severance & oil extraction taxes Old age pensions Open meetings Prohibiting cyanide mining Public school funding State financial audits Sunshine laws Tax limits Term limits Victim rights Women's suffrage Workman's compensation

12. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The referendum allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421)

13. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The recall allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421)

14. Section 1-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. To stop Senate corruption, progressives wanted the direct election of senators by all state voters. In 1912 Congress passed the direct-election amendment. In 1913 it was ratified, becoming the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421)

15. Section 1-22 Social Welfare Progressivism Social welfare progressives created charities to help the poor and disadvantaged and pushed for laws to help fix social problems. In 1900 over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home. (pages 423–425) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

16. Section 1-22 Social Welfare Progressivism The National Child Labor Committee worked to end child labor. (pages 423–425) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

17. Section 1-23 Social Welfare Progressivism Many adult workers labored in difficult and dangerous conditions. With the creation of building codes, workers’ compensation laws, zoning laws, and health codes, the work environment was made safer for workers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 423–425)

18. Section 1-23 Social Welfare Progressivism Some progressives favored zoning laws and building codes to regulate how the land and buildings could be used. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 423–425)

19. Section 1-27 Progressives Versus Big Business A group of progressives focused on regulating big business, but they disagreed on the solutions. One side believed government should break up big companies to restore competition. The other group wanted the creation of government agencies to regulate big companies and prevent them from abusing their power. (page 425) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

20. Section 1-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Socialism, the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole, was an idea shared by a small minority of progressives. Progressives Versus Big Business (cont.) (page 425)

21. Section 1-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Eugene Debs led the American Socialist Party and was the party’s candidate for president in the election of 1912. Most progressives and most Americans believed in the American system of free enterprise. Progressives Versus Big Business (cont.) (page 425)

22. PopulistProgressiveChange Direct election of Senators 17 th amendment Progressive Income Tax 16 th amendment Women’s Suffrage 19 th amendment Prohibition 18 th amendment

23. Section 1-30 Checking for Understanding __ 1.vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office __ 2.a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society __ 3.a political movement that crossed party lines which believed that industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that government should take a more active role in dealing with these problems. A.progressivism B.muckraker C.commission plan D.direct primary E.initiative Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A D

24. Section 1-31 Checking for Understanding __ 4.a plan in which a city’s government is divided into different departments with different functions, each placed under the control of a commissioner __ 5. the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval A.progressivism B.muckraker C.commission plan D.direct primary E.initiative Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. E C

25. Section 1-8 What kind of group were the progressives? The progressives were a group with widely different views and ideas about how to fix society’s problems. They often disagreed with each other over the issues. They belonged to both political parties and were usually urban, educated middle-class Americans Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Rise of Progressivism (cont.) (pages 418–420)

26. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What were the characteristics of the Progressive era? The characteristics of the Progressive era were the belief that people could improve society, and that government should play an active role in reform.

27. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Government and Democracy How did Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette help to expand democracy in the United States? He pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary, thus weakening the party caucus system.

28. Section 1-33 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy How did initiative, referendum, and recall change democracy in the United States? They gave voters more power to introduce legislation, to approve legislation, and to remove elected officials.

29. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did the progressives want the direct election of senators? The United States Constitution had originally called for each state legislature to elect two senators from each state. As a result, political machines often influenced the election of senators in exchange for federal contracts and jobs. Progressives hoped the direct election of senators by all state voters would end this corruption. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421)

30. Section 1-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did social welfare progressives hope to solve society’s problems? Social welfare progressives created charities to help the poor and disadvantaged, and pushed for laws to help fix social problems. Social Welfare Progressivism (cont.) (pages 423–425)

31. End of Section 1