1. Cognitive Development and Intelligence

2. Overview Piaget’s theory of development Intelligence: definitions Cultural issues with intelligence tests Howard Gardner’s 8 intelligences Emotional Intelligence

3. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Piaget believed that children’s minds were very different from adults Child’s mind develops in a series of stages Schemas are built and experiences are connected to them – Assimilation – Accommodation

4. Sensory-motor stage (age 0~2) World is understood based on direct experience with senses and actions Development of object permanence How are infants studied?

5. Preoperational Stage (age 2~7) World is understood also by words and images, and thoughts are intuitive – Some symbolic understanding occurs (DeLoache 1987) Egocentrism and theory of mind Don’t understand concept of conservation

6. Concrete Operational Stage (age 7~11) Begin to grasp conservation Understand mathematical transformations Think to themselves in words to solve problems

7. Formal Operational Stage (age 12~) Reasoning encompasses abstract thinking Able to follow logical syllogisms and solve new problems based on rules

8. How good is Piaget’s theory? Studies around the world support basic sequence Stimulated a lot of interest and study in the milestones of cognition Criticisms of ages of acquisition of abilities Stages vs. Continuous Development debate

9. What is intelligence? The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations OR Whatever the ‘intelligence’ test is measuring

10. A brief history of intelligence testing Alfred Binet commissioned by French Government in 1904 to create an objective measure of child ability in school Lewis Terman adapted this - became the Stanford- Binet Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) developed by David Wechsler (also the WISC) – Separates verbal comprehension,perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

11. Cultural Issues with Intelligence Testing Racial groups differ in their average scores on intelligence tests High scoring people (and groups) are more likely to attain high levels of education and income Issues with the tests?

12. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Based on case studies, cross-cultural research, and differences in normal abilities Seem to have a neural basis

13. Gardner’s 8 Intelligences 1.Linguistic 2.Logical-mathematical 3.Musical 4.Body-kinesthetic 5.Spatial 6.Interpersonal 7.Intrapersonal 8.Naturalist

14. Emotional Intelligence