1. Forensic Anthropology

2. Bones Burned in Barrel
Sometime during the day on October 31, 2005, photographer Teresa Halbach was scheduled to meet with Steven Avery, one of the owners of Avery Auto Salvage, to photograph a maroon Plymouth Voyager minivan for . She had been there at least fifteen times before, taking pictures of other vehicles for the magazine. Halbach disappeared that day. In the yard, officers found a “burn barrel” with remains of a camera, cell phone, and bones that were determined to be a female adult. Damage to some of the bones, suggested that the body was mutilated,

3. Anthropology: The scientific study of the origins and behavior as well as the physical, social, and cultural development of humans
Forensics Anthropology: the study of physical anthropology as it applies to human skeletal remains in a legal setting

4. History
1800’s: Scientist began using skull measurements to differentiate among individuals
1897: Bone remains used as evidence in a murder case (sausage maker murder then “cooked” wife)
1932: FBI started aiding in identification of human remains
Remains of WWII soldiers where identified using anthropology techniques

5. Number of Bones Adult humans have 206 bones Babies have 450 bones
Bones connect and fuse together as a person ages
Joints: location where bones meet
Cartilage: wraps around bones for protection
Ligaments: bands of tissue connecting together two or more bones
Tendons: connect muscles to bone

6. Aging of Bones
Children build bones at a faster rate than bones being broken down. Thus bones increase in size (growth)
After the age of 30, bones begin to deteriorate faster than they are being built
Excising can slow deterioration
People with osteoporosis are at risk of bone breakage due to loss of calcium
The number of bones and their conditions can tell investigators about a person’s age, health, and whether the person had enough calcium

7. Osteobiography
Osteobiography: literally translates as the story of a life told by the bones
One’s age, sex, race, height and health
If one was right handed
If they did physical labor
Sports the person played

8. Bones: Males vs. Females
Females: smoother and less knobby
Males: thicker, rougher, and more bumpy

10. The Skull
Male: Frontal lobe is low and sloping, eye orbits tend to be square, lower jaw is more square (90 degree angle), and square chins
Female: Frontal lobe is high and more rounded, eye orbits tend to be circular, lower jaw is more sloped (greater than 90 degrees), rounder or V-shaped chin

11. The Pelvis
Males: subpubic angle degree, shape of pubis is triangular, shape of pelvic cavity is heart shaped, sacrum is longer, narrower, and curved inward
Females: subpubic angle is 90 degrees, shape of pubis is rectangular, shape of pelvic cavity is oval shaped, ad sacrum is shorter, broader, and curved outward.