1. LOOKING TO AMERICA’S FUTURE: CHILDREN IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis University at Albany, SUNY Email: DonH@albany.edu Phone: (518) 442-4668 Family to Family National Conference Annie E. Casey Foundation Nashville, TN May 5, 2006 Acknowledgements: Suzanne Macartney

2. ● Immigration & New American Majority ● Family Strengths ● Major Challenges ● Housing, Language, and education ● Economic Consequences of Immigration ● New Child-Based Data for Local Areas – OVERVIEW –

3. Figure 3. Percent of U.S. Children Ages 0-17 in Specified Race/Ethnic Groups, 1980-2100 Projections for 2000-2050 were released by the Census Bureau March 18, 2004. These projections take into account the much larger Hispanic population identified in Census 2000. Projections and estimates for other years are from an earlier series released by the Census Bureau January 13, 2000, and were based on the count of Hispanics in Census 1990.

4. Slide 4. Estimates and Projected Percent of Non-Hispanic Whites by Age 2000 and 2030 Presented by Donald J. Hernandez. Data is from the Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Issued March 18, 2004.

5. Slide 5. Percent of Children in Immigrant Families: 1910, 1960, 1990 and 2000 4/5 Citizens Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

6. Slide 6. Percent of Children in Immigrant Families by Region of Origin, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

7. Slide 7. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Two-Parents, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

8. Slide 8. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Working Fathers, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

9. Slide 9. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father Not a H.S. Graduate, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

10. Slide 10. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father 0-8 Years of School, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

11. Slide 11. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Fathers Not Working Full-Time, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

12. Slide 12. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living in Official Poverty, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

13. Slide 13. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living in Basic Budget Poverty, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

14. Slide 14. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Home Owned by Parents or Householder, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

15. Slide 15. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Live in Overcrowded Housing, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

16. Slide 16. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

17. Slide 17. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Are Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

18. Slide 18. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Speak English Very Well, and Speak Another Language at Home, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

19. Slide 19. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families in Linguistically Isolated Households, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

20. Slide 20. Percent of U.S. Four-Year-Olds in Immigrant Families Enrolled in Pre-k/Nursery School, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files. 50% 100%

21. Slide 21. Demographic Overview for Children in Immigrant Families immigrant resources: Two-parent families with other adults in home Strong work ethic Potential bilingual skills for U.S. economy Homeownership, commitment to community immigrant challenges: Low educational attainments Much part-time, part-year work, high poverty Overcrowded housing, low health insurance Limited English proficiency Low pre-k/nursery school enrollment

22. Slide 22. Short-Term Economic Consequences of Immigration Competition from new immigrant workers lowers wages mainly for earlier immigrants Immigrants benefit by earning higher incomes than they would in their country of origin Complementary immigrant job skills lead to better wages for native workers Complementary immigrant job skills lead to net gains in economic output of $1-$10 billion per year Consumers benefit from lower cost goods and services produced by immigrants Source: James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston (eds.) (1997) The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

23. Slide 23. Long-Term Impact of Current Immigrants on Government Taxes/Expenditures For the average immigrant: State/Local benefits exceed taxes by $25,000 Federal taxes exceed benefits by $105,000 All taxes exceed benefits by $80,000 Therefore, the lifetime net contribution of the average immigrant to government treasuries is $80,000 Source: James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston (eds.) (1997) The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

24. Slide 24. New Child Indicators for Public Policy, Advocacy, and Philanthropy supported by -- The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation -- Annie E. Casey Foundation -- W. T. Grant Foundation -- Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation -- Center for Law and Social Policy -- National Task Force on Early Childhood Education for Hispanics

25. Slide 25. WE ARE PRODUCING 200 CHILD INDICATORS FOR LOCAL AREAS Topics include Immigrant Generation, Country of Origin, Language Proficiency, Citizenship, Race-Ethnicity and Family, Economic, Educational, Housing, and Neighborhood Situations

26. LOOKING TO AMERICA’S FUTURE: CHILDREN IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis University at Albany, SUNY Email: DonH@albany.edu Phone: (518) 442-4668 Family to Family National Conference Annie E. Casey Foundation Nashville, TN May 5, 2006 Acknowledgements: Suzanne Macartney